Line 1: |
Line 1: |
− | {{review}}
| |
− |
| |
− | {{toplink
| |
− | |backcolour =CDE472
| |
− | |linkpage =Musculoskeletal System - Pathology
| |
− | |linktext =Musculoskeletal System
| |
− | |maplink = Musculoskeletal System (Content Map) - Pathology
| |
− | |pagetype =Pathology
| |
− | |sublink1=Muscles - Pathology
| |
− | |subtext1=MUSCLES
| |
− | }}
| |
− | <br>
| |
| ===Response to injury=== | | ===Response to injury=== |
| | | |
| *Limited array of ways in which to respond to injury | | *Limited array of ways in which to respond to injury |
− | **[[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Degeneration|Degeneration]] | + | **[[:Category:Muscles - Degenerative Pathology|Degeneration]] |
− | **[[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Necrosis|Necrosis]] | + | **[[Muscle Necrosis|Necrosis]] |
− | **[[Muscle Regeneration - Anatomy & Physiology|Regeneration]] | + | **Regeneration |
− | **[[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Atrophy|Atrophy]] | + | **[[Muscle Atrophy|Atrophy]] |
− | **[[Muscles Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Hypertrophy|Hypertrophy]] | + | **[[Muscle Hypertrophy|Hypertrophy]] |
| | | |
| *Large number of factors indicing the changes above, e.g.: | | *Large number of factors indicing the changes above, e.g.: |
Line 26: |
Line 14: |
| **Nutritional deficiencies | | **Nutritional deficiencies |
| **Ichaemia | | **Ichaemia |
− | **[[Muscles Developmental - Pathology|Hereditary diseases]] | + | **[[:Category:Muscles - Developmental Pathology|Hereditary diseases]] |
| | | |
| | | |
Line 43: |
Line 31: |
| **If these conditions are not met (e.g. severe thermal damage) '''fibrosis''' will occur | | **If these conditions are not met (e.g. severe thermal damage) '''fibrosis''' will occur |
| *Stages: | | *Stages: |
− | #Nuclei in [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Necrosis|necrotic segement]] disappear, hyalinased sarcoplasm due to loss of normal myofibrillar structure, may separate from adjacent normal myofibrils and/or [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Calcification|mineralise]] | + | #Nuclei in [[Muscle Necrosis|necrotic segement]] disappear, hyalinased sarcoplasm due to loss of normal myofibrillar structure, may separate from adjacent normal myofibrils and/or [[Muscle Calcification|mineralise]] |
| #Monocytes from capillaries -> macrophages in necrotic portion, satellite cells swell -> vesicular with prominent nucleoli -> mitosis (within 1-4 days after initial injury) | | #Monocytes from capillaries -> macrophages in necrotic portion, satellite cells swell -> vesicular with prominent nucleoli -> mitosis (within 1-4 days after initial injury) |
| #Satellite cells move to centre | | #Satellite cells move to centre |
Line 52: |
Line 40: |
| *Regeneration by '''budding''' | | *Regeneration by '''budding''' |
| **When conditions are not optimal, disrupted sacrolemma | | **When conditions are not optimal, disrupted sacrolemma |
− | **E.g. injection of irritating substance, trauma, [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Ischaemia|infarction]] | + | **E.g. injection of irritating substance, trauma, [[Muscle Ischaemia|infarction]] |
| **Myoblasts proliferate -> sacrolamma bulges from cut part -> club-shaped with numerous central nuclei = muscle giant cells | | **Myoblasts proliferate -> sacrolamma bulges from cut part -> club-shaped with numerous central nuclei = muscle giant cells |
| *Monophasic lesions - all at same phase above | | *Monophasic lesions - all at same phase above |
− |
| |
− | ===Rigor Mortis===
| |
− |
| |
− | *Muscles remain biochemically active after the death of an animal
| |
− | *Following a period of relaxation, contraction and stiffening occurs
| |
− | *Due to deficiency of ATP releasing myosin heads from their binding sites at end of power stroke
| |
− | *Onset faster in ATP deprived animals (starvation, hunting, tetanus...)
| |
− | *May be absent in cachetic animals
| |
− | *Disappears due to autolysis or putrefaction
| |
− | *See [[General Pathology - Post-Mortem Change#Rigor Mortis|general pathology]]
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
− | **Damage occured at one time, e.g. trauma or one toxin exposure
| + | [[Category:Muscles - Pathology]] |
− | *Multiphasic lesions - different stages as described above
| |
− | **Ongoing damage, e.g. vitamin E - selenium deficiency, continuous exposure to toxin
| |