Difference between revisions of "Brachyspira pilosicoli"

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{{OpenPagesTop}}
 
 
{{Taxobox
 
{{Taxobox
 
|name              =''Brachyspira pilosicoli''
 
|name              =''Brachyspira pilosicoli''
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|order              =Spirochaetales
 
|order              =Spirochaetales
 
|family            =Brachyspiraceae
 
|family            =Brachyspiraceae
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|genus              =[[:Category:Brachyspira and Serpulina|Brachyspira]]
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|genus              =Brachyspira
 
|species            =''B. pilosicoli''   
 
|species            =''B. pilosicoli''   
 
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}}
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''B. pilosicoli'' is from the ''[[spirochaetes]]'' family. It is the cause of '''porcine intestinal spirochaetosis'''.
  
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==Introduction==
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==Pathogenesis==
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[[File:Brachyspira pilosicoli.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Figure 1: ''Brachispira pilosicoli'' in culture, stained by Gram stain.]]
 
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'''''Brachyspira pilosicoli''''' is a Gram-negative, spiral shaped bacterium. It is an anaerobic [[Spirochaetes|spirochaete]], closely related to ''[[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]]''. The bacterium is loosely coiled and is 6-11µm long (Figure 1). It is only weakly haemolytic in contrast to ''B. hyodysenteriae''.
 
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The bacterium may have '''8-12 internalised flagellae''', inserted at either pole of the cell between the inner and outer membranes. The outer membrane contains '''lipopolysaccharide''' (endotoxin). This pathogen can also cause '''zoonotic''' disease in people.
 
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==Lifecycle==
 
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Infection of ''B.pilosicoli'' is acquired via '''ingestion of contaminated faeces'''. Once in the Alimentary tract, the spiral rotating motion allows the bacterium to move through the mucus in the intestine and thus reach and invade its target cells in the large intestine. The organism remains '''infective for long periods in organic matter''' but is '''inactivated by sunlight'''.
 
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The pathogen has been isolated from '''dogs, birds, mice and humans'''. Dogs are thought to be a source of infection for people.
 
  
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==Diseases==
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Infection of ''B.pilosicoli'' is acquired via contaminated faeces. The disease then spreads slowly through the herd.
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''B. pilosicoli'' is the cause of '''[[Porcine Intestinal Spirochaetosis|porcine intestinal spirochaetosis]]''' which is a much milder disease than the [[Swine Dysentery|swine dysentery]] caused by ''[[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]]''.
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Dogs, rats, mice and flies may act as transport hosts.  
  
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The presence of the spirochaetes in diarrhoeal faeces is not itself diagnostic because related, but non-pathogenic, species may be present.
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''B. pilosicoli'' causes less severe signs than [[Swine Dysentery|swine dysentry]] caused by ''[[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]]''.
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The bacteria's motility in mucous allows colonisation of pig intestine. It's haemolytic and cytotoxic activiity is important for virulence. The attachment of ''B. pilosicoli'' to epithelial cells of colonic mucosa disrupts their function and leads to their shedding and oedema.  
  
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==Pathogenesis==
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==Diagnosis==
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The '''attachment''' of ''B. pilosicoli'' to epithelial cells of colonic mucosa causes oedema, shedding of epithelial cells, haemorrhage and leucocyte infiltration and leading to '''malabsorption'''. The invasion of goblet cells can also lead to '''secretory [[diarrhoea]]'''.
 
  
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'''Toxins and proteins''' released by B. pilosicoli have '''haemolytic and cytotoxic effects'''. Its membranous '''LPS''' also contains an endotoxin (lipid A).
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Diagnosis can be made via the history, clinical signs and gross pathology of the animal. An anaerobic culture on blood agar with added antibiotics for at least 3 days can also be done.
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In addition to this, immunofluorescence, DNA probes and biochemical tests can be done.
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Serology using ELISA can be used on a herd basis, as can PCR.
  
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{{Learning
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==Literature Search==
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|literature search= [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Brachyspira+pilosicoli%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=42&y=14&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Brachyspira pilosicoli'' publications]
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[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]
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|flashcards = [[Brachyspira pilosicoli Flashcards|''B. pilosicoli'' Flashcards]]
 
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}}
 
  
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==References==
 
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<references/>
 
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Hirsh, D. C., Maclachan, N. J.,  Walker, R. L (2004) '''Veterinary Microbiology 2nd ed.'''. Pp:131-133. ''Wiley-Blackwell, London''.
 
  
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{{CABI source
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Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).
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|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=91832&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Brachyspira pilosicoli'']
 
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|date =11 June 2011
 
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}}
 
 
<br><br><br>
 
<br><br><br>
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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Brachyspira+pilosicoli%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=42&y=14&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Brachyspira pilosicoli'' publications]
  
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{{Andrew Rycroft
 
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|date = January 4, 2012}}
 
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{{OpenPages}}
 
  
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[[Category:Brachyspira_and_Serpulina]]
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{{review}}
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[[Category:Pig Bacteria]]  
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[[Category:Brachyspira_and_Serpulina]][[Category:Pig Bacteria]]
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[[Category:Zoonoses]]
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[[Category:Expert_Review - Bacteria]
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[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]
 

Revision as of 20:22, 13 May 2011

Brachyspira pilosicoli
Phylum Spirochaetes
Class Spirochaetes
Order Spirochaetales
Family Brachyspiraceae
Genus Brachyspira
Species B. pilosicoli

B. pilosicoli is from the spirochaetes family. It is the cause of porcine intestinal spirochaetosis.

Pathogenesis

Infection of B.pilosicoli is acquired via contaminated faeces. The disease then spreads slowly through the herd. Dogs, rats, mice and flies may act as transport hosts.

B. pilosicoli causes less severe signs than swine dysentry caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. The bacteria's motility in mucous allows colonisation of pig intestine. It's haemolytic and cytotoxic activiity is important for virulence. The attachment of B. pilosicoli to epithelial cells of colonic mucosa disrupts their function and leads to their shedding and oedema.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis can be made via the history, clinical signs and gross pathology of the animal. An anaerobic culture on blood agar with added antibiotics for at least 3 days can also be done. In addition to this, immunofluorescence, DNA probes and biochemical tests can be done. Serology using ELISA can be used on a herd basis, as can PCR.

Literature Search

CABI logo.jpg


Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).


Brachyspira pilosicoli publications


This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing.


[[Category:Expert_Review - Bacteria]

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