Difference between revisions of "Actinobacillosis - Pig Flashcards"

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<FlashCard questions="11">
 
<FlashCard questions="11">
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|q1=What causes actinobacillosis in pigs?
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|q1=What causes ''actinobacillosis'' in pigs?
 
|a1= ''Actinobacillus suis'' - a beta-haemolytic Gram-negative bacterium.
 
|a1= ''Actinobacillus suis'' - a beta-haemolytic Gram-negative bacterium.
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|l1=Actinobacillus suis#Introduction
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|l1=Actinobacillus suis
 +
#Introduction
 
|q2=Is actinobacillosis a zoonosis?
 
|q2=Is actinobacillosis a zoonosis?
 
|a2=It is not considered a zoonosis but there has been a report of human infection after a pig bite
 
|a2=It is not considered a zoonosis but there has been a report of human infection after a pig bite
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|l2=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Introduction
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|l2=Actinobacillosis - Pig
 +
#Introduction
 
|q3=What herds are more susceptible to ''A.suis''?
 
|q3=What herds are more susceptible to ''A.suis''?
 
|a3=High health status herds with lower immune challenges.
 
|a3=High health status herds with lower immune challenges.
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|l3=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Signalment
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|l3=Actinobacillosis - Pig
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|q4=What environmental factors can exacerbate this disease?
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#Signalmet
 +
|q4=What environmental factors can exaccerbate this disease?
 
|a4=
 
|a4=
 
*Temperature fluctuation
 
*Temperature fluctuation
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*Overcrowding
 
*Overcrowding
 
Genetic make up and immune status can also influence infectivity rate and clinical signs.
 
Genetic make up and immune status can also influence infectivity rate and clinical signs.
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|l4=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Signalmet
+
l4=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Signalmet
 
|q5=What age ranges of pigs are affected by this disease?
 
|q5=What age ranges of pigs are affected by this disease?
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|a5= The disease affects suckling, weanling and fattening pigs, and adult pigs and it is thought that it colonises piglets within the first three weeks of life.  
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|a5= The disease affects suckling, weanling and fattening pigs, and adult pigs and it is thought that it colonisesmin  piglets within the first three weeks of life.  
 
|l5=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Introduction
 
|l5=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Introduction
 
|q6=What clinical signs can be associated with actinobacillosis?
 
|q6=What clinical signs can be associated with actinobacillosis?
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|a6=  
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|a6= Clinical signs vary from fever, lethargy, depression, '''erysipelas-like lesions''', abscesses, haemorrhage, vomiting/regurgitation and '''lameness''' and '''multiple joint swelling'''. 
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* Lethargy, depression, '''erysipelas-like lesions''', abscesses, haemorrhage, vomiting/regurgitation and '''lameness''', '''multiple joint swelling''', dysphagia, lymphadenopathy, '''anorexia''', unthriftiness, '''pneumonia''' and '''sudden death'''
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*'''Cardiorespiratory signs:''' tachycardia, murmurs, changes in heart rate, purulent or serous occulonasal discharges, sneezing, coughing, abnormal lung sounds, dyspnoea, '''cyanosis''' and open mouthed breathing
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More serious cases progress to '''pneumonia''' (clinical signs similar to [[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae#Clinical Signs| ''A. pleuropneumoniae'']]) and '''sudden death'''.  '''Cardiorespiratory signs''' include tachycardia, heart murmurs, purulent or serous occulonasal discharges, sneezing, coughing, abnormal lung sounds, dyspnoea, '''cyanosis''' changes in heart rate and open mouthed breathing. 
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*'''Aural purulent mucoid discharge''',rubbing and scratching their ears and deafness
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*Neurological signs such as head tilt, circling, '''temors''', '''paraparesis''' and '''ataxia'''
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'''Aural purulent mucoid discharge''' and increased amounts of wax are present along with a '''foul odour'''.  Pigs can become '''deaf''' and are often found rubbing and scratching their ears. Affected animals are in a lot of pain and discomfort and suffer from dysphagia, lymphadenopathy, '''anorexia''', and unthriftiness. 
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*Ocular signs such as '''corneal oedema''' and '''ulceration'''
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In '''sows''' it can cause '''agalactia, mastitis, abortions, still births''' or '''weak piglets'''.
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In '''sows'' it can cause '''agalactia, mastitis, abortions, still births''' or '''weak piglets'''.
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|l6=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Clinical Signs
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|q7=How can ''actinobacillus'' be diagnosed?
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Neurological signs include head tilt, circling, '''temors''', nystagmus, strabismus, decreased or absent menace response, ptosis, miosis or meiosis, photophobia, headshaking, opisthotonus, facial paralysis, '''paraparesis''' and '''ataxia'''. Further occular signs associated with this disease is '''corneal oedema''' and '''ulceration'''.  
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|a7= By the isolation of ''A. suis'', from '''culturing infected tissue'''.
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|l6=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Diagnosis
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|l7=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Diagnosis
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|q7=How is BSE diagnosed?
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|q8=What can be seen on post mortem with this disease?
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|a7=  
 +
* Observation of clinical signs
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* Postmortem and the presence of bilateral symmetrical vacuolation in the grey matter
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* Western Blot Test (detection of PrP<sup>Res</sup>)
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* Elisa Test
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|l7=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Diagnosis
 +
|q8=What are the most important control measures for BSE?
 
|a8=  
 
|a8=  
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*Serous or '''fibrinous exudates''' in the thorax and pericardium
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* The 1988 feed ban prohibiting the feeding of ruminant derived meat and bone meal (MBM) to ruminants
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*'''Ecchymotic haemorrhages''' in kidneys, lungs, liver, spleen and other organisms
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* Post mortem testing schemes
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|l8=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Diagnosis
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* Culling of infected cohort animals
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|q9=What are the differential diagnosis for ''actinobacillosis'' in pigs?
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|l8=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Diagnosis
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|a9=  
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|q9=Is BSE a zoonosis?
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*Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
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|a9= Yes, there is evidence to suggest that humans are at risk of developing variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)from eating BSE infected meat.
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*Erysipelas
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|l9=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Control
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*Glasser's Disease
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|q10= What measures have been put in place to reduce the risk of humans developing variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)?
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*Streptococcus suis
 
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*Mulberry Heart Disease
 
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|l9=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Diagnosis
 
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|q10=How is actinobacillosis in pigs treated?
 
 
|a10=  
 
|a10=  
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*'''Ceftioufur, gentamicin''' and '''trimethoprim/sulfadiazine''' (good sensitivity)
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*All visible nervous and lymphatic tissue that are classified as '''specified risk materials (SRM)''' are removed during the processing of cattle
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*Ampicillin, neomycin, sulfadimethoxine and tiamulin (moderate sensitivity)
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*The removal of any suspect animals from the human food chain. 
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Culture and sensitivity is recommended.
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*In 1996, cattle over the age of 30 months were eliminated from the food chain within the UK under the '''‘over thirty months scheme’''' (OTMS).  This ban has now been lifted and it is now compulsory to test all cattle over the age of 48months for BSE.
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|l10=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Treatment
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|l10=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Control
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|q11=How is actinobacillosis in pigs controlled?
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|q11=What are the specified risk material (SRM) for cattle?
 
|a11=  
 
|a11=  
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Currently there is no commercial vaccine for ''A. suis''.  '''Routine biosecurity''' and '''disinfection''' should be followed and maintained. 
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*Brain
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|l11=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Control
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*Eyes (retina)
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*Trigeminal ganglia
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*Spinal cord
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*Dorsal root ganglia
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*Mesentery
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*Intestines (duodenum to rectum)
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*Tonsils
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|l11=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Control
 
</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
  
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==Further links==
 
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[[Actinobacillus suis| Actinobacillus suis'']]
 
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[[Actinobacillus suis Flashcards| ''Actinobacillus suis'' Flashcards]]
 
  
  
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[[Category:Pig Flashcards]]
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[[Category: Pig Flashcards]]
 
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
 
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
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[[Category:Respiratory Diseases Flashcards]] [[Category:Integumentary Diseases Flashcards]] [[Category:Neurological Diseases Flashcards]] [[Category:Reproductive Diseases Flashcards]]
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[[Category: To Do - Jaimie Meagor]]

Revision as of 20:45, 23 June 2011

Question Answer Article
What causes actinobacillosis in pigs? [[Actinobacillus suis
  1. Introduction|Link to Article]]
Is actinobacillosis a zoonosis? [[Actinobacillosis - Pig
  1. Introduction|Link to Article]]
What herds are more susceptible to A.suis? [[Actinobacillosis - Pig
  1. Signalmet|Link to Article]]
What environmental factors can exaccerbate this disease? [[|Link to Article]]
What age ranges of pigs are affected by this disease? Link to Article
What clinical signs can be associated with actinobacillosis? Link to Article
How is BSE diagnosed? Link to Article
What are the most important control measures for BSE? Link to Article
Is BSE a zoonosis? Link to Article
What measures have been put in place to reduce the risk of humans developing variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)? Link to Article
What are the specified risk material (SRM) for cattle? Link to Article


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