Difference between revisions of "Toroviruses Flashcards"
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| − | <FlashCard questions=" | + | <FlashCard questions="12"> |
| − | |q1=What family do the Toroviruses belong to? | + | |q1=What family do the ''Toroviruses'' belong to? |
|a1=''Coronaviridae'' | |a1=''Coronaviridae'' | ||
|l1=Toroviruses#Introduction | |l1=Toroviruses#Introduction | ||
| − | |q2=What type of viruses are Toroviruses and what are their properties? | + | |q2=What type of viruses are ''Toroviruses'' and what are their properties? |
|a2= | |a2= | ||
*Enveloped positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses | *Enveloped positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses | ||
*Pleomorphic | *Pleomorphic | ||
*120-140 nm in diameter | *120-140 nm in diameter | ||
| − | *Relatively stable in acid or alkaline environment between pH 2.5-10 | + | *Relatively stable in acid or alkaline environment between pH 2.5-10. |
|l2= Toroviruses#Introduction | |l2= Toroviruses#Introduction | ||
| − | |q3= What are the names given to Toroviruses found in horses? | + | |q3= What are the names given to ''Toroviruses'' found in horses? |
|a3= | |a3= | ||
*Equine torovirus (ETV) | *Equine torovirus (ETV) | ||
*Prototype Berne virus | *Prototype Berne virus | ||
|l3= Toroviruses#Introduction | |l3= Toroviruses#Introduction | ||
| − | |q4= What are the names given to Toroviruses found in cattle? | + | |q4= What are the names given to ''Toroviruses'' found in cattle? |
|a4= | |a4= | ||
*Bovine torovirus (BoTV) | *Bovine torovirus (BoTV) | ||
*Prototype Breda virus | *Prototype Breda virus | ||
|l4= Toroviruses#Introduction | |l4= Toroviruses#Introduction | ||
| − | |q5= What species are the Toroviruses found in? | + | |q5= What species are the ''Toroviruses'' found in? |
|a5= | |a5= | ||
Hosts include: | Hosts include: | ||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
*Humans | *Humans | ||
|l5= Toroviruses#Signalment | |l5= Toroviruses#Signalment | ||
| − | |q6= What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cattle? | + | |q6= What are the clinical signs of the ''Toroviruses'' in cattle? |
|a6= | |a6= | ||
In all ages of cattle it can cause: | In all ages of cattle it can cause: | ||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
Young, colostrum-deprived calves are particularly at risk. | Young, colostrum-deprived calves are particularly at risk. | ||
|l6= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs | |l6= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs | ||
| − | |q7= What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cats? | + | |q7= What are the clinical signs of the ''Toroviruses'' in cats? |
|a7= | |a7= | ||
*Diarrhoea | *Diarrhoea | ||
*Protruding nictating membranes | *Protruding nictating membranes | ||
|l7= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs | |l7= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs | ||
| − | |q8= What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in pigs? | + | |q8= What are the clinical signs of the ''Toroviruses'' in pigs? |
|a8= | |a8= | ||
Pigs can shed the torovirus without showing any symptoms of disease. | Pigs can shed the torovirus without showing any symptoms of disease. | ||
|l8= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs | |l8= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs | ||
| − | |q9= How is the Torovirus transmitted? | + | |q9= How is the ''Torovirus'' transmitted? |
|a9= | |a9= | ||
| − | It is presumed that it is spread via the faecal-oral route and through subclinical or chronically infected cattle. | + | It is presumed that it is spread via the faecal-oral route and spread through subclinical or chronically infected cattle. |
|l9= Toroviruses#Epidemiology | |l9= Toroviruses#Epidemiology | ||
| − | |q10= What is the distribution of Toroviruses? | + | |q10= What is the distribution of ''Toroviruses''? |
| − | | | + | |a910= |
| + | Worldwide in cattle and horses. | ||
|l10= Toroviruses#Distribution | |l10= Toroviruses#Distribution | ||
| − | |q11= How is the Torovirus detected? | + | |q11= How is the ''Torovirus'' detected? |
|a11= | |a11= | ||
Diagnostic methods include a combination of: | Diagnostic methods include a combination of: | ||
*Electron microscopy | *Electron microscopy | ||
| − | *Immuno-electron microscopy (IEM)- which can differentiate the Toroviruses from Coronaviruses | + | *Immuno-electron microscopy (IEM)- which can differentiate the ''Toroviruses'' from ''Coronaviruses' |
*Haemagglutination inhibition | *Haemagglutination inhibition | ||
| − | *ELISA | + | *ELISA. |
| − | + | l11= Toroviruses#Diagnosis | |
|q12= What effect does the virus have on the intestinal wall? | |q12= What effect does the virus have on the intestinal wall? | ||
|a12= | |a12= | ||
| Line 78: | Line 79: | ||
*Villus atrophy | *Villus atrophy | ||
*Thinning of intestinal wall | *Thinning of intestinal wall | ||
| − | + | l12= Toroviruses#Diagnosis | |
| − | |q13= How do you treat for Torovirus infections? | + | |q13= How do you treat for ''Torovirus'' infections? |
|a13= | |a13= | ||
There is no specific treatment; only supportive fluid treatment for diarrhoea and antibiotics for secondary infections. | There is no specific treatment; only supportive fluid treatment for diarrhoea and antibiotics for secondary infections. | ||
| − | + | l13= Toroviruses#Treatment | |
| − | |q14= How do you control Toroviruses? | + | |q14= How do you control''Toroviruses''? |
|a14= | |a14= | ||
*Isolation of infected animals | *Isolation of infected animals | ||
*Good hygiene and sanitary measures | *Good hygiene and sanitary measures | ||
| − | + | l14= Toroviruses#Control | |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
| Line 93: | Line 94: | ||
[[Category: Virus Flashcards]] | [[Category: Virus Flashcards]] | ||
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]] | [[Category:CABI Flashcards]] | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category: To Do - CABI review]] |
Revision as of 16:41, 30 June 2011
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What family do the Toroviruses belong to? | Coronaviridae
|
Link to Article | |
| What type of viruses are Toroviruses and what are their properties? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the names given to Toroviruses found in horses? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the names given to Toroviruses found in cattle? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What species are the Toroviruses found in? | Hosts include:
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cattle? | In all ages of cattle it can cause:
In calves it causes:
Young, colostrum-deprived calves are particularly at risk. |
Link to Article | |
| What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cats? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in pigs? | Pigs can shed the torovirus without showing any symptoms of disease. |
Link to Article | |
| How is the Torovirus transmitted? | It is presumed that it is spread via the faecal-oral route and spread through subclinical or chronically infected cattle. |
Link to Article | |
| What is the distribution of Toroviruses? | Link to Article | ||
| How is the Torovirus detected? | Diagnostic methods include a combination of:
|
[[|Link to Article]] | |
| What effect does the virus have on the intestinal wall? |
|
[[|Link to Article]] | |