Difference between revisions of "Urachal Diverticulum"
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
This results from '''failure of the urachus to close adjacent to the bladder''', leaving a diverticulum at the dome of the bladder. | This results from '''failure of the urachus to close adjacent to the bladder''', leaving a diverticulum at the dome of the bladder. | ||
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It can be associated with '''bladder outlet obstruction'''. It may also act as a '''reservoir for bacteria''' if it is not completely evacuated during micturition and lead to urachitis and a patent urachus. | It can be associated with '''bladder outlet obstruction'''. It may also act as a '''reservoir for bacteria''' if it is not completely evacuated during micturition and lead to urachitis and a patent urachus. | ||
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Foals exhibit signs of '''stranguria, tenesmus and dysuria'''. | Foals exhibit signs of '''stranguria, tenesmus and dysuria'''. | ||
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Urachitis and a patent urachus cases should be administered '''antimicrobials''' and the urachus can be cauterised with 2% iodine or silver nitrate or '''surgical removal of the umbilical remnants''' can be performed. | Urachitis and a patent urachus cases should be administered '''antimicrobials''' and the urachus can be cauterised with 2% iodine or silver nitrate or '''surgical removal of the umbilical remnants''' can be performed. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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Pycock, J. (1997) '''Self-assessment colour review of equine reproduction and stud medicine''' ''Manson Publishing'' | Pycock, J. (1997) '''Self-assessment colour review of equine reproduction and stud medicine''' ''Manson Publishing'' | ||
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Revision as of 09:45, 27 July 2011
Introduction
This results from failure of the urachus to close adjacent to the bladder, leaving a diverticulum at the dome of the bladder.
This condition is observed in foals.
It can be associated with bladder outlet obstruction. It may also act as a reservoir for bacteria if it is not completely evacuated during micturition and lead to urachitis and a patent urachus.
Clinical signs
Foals exhibit signs of stranguria, tenesmus and dysuria.
If urachitis develops the foal may appear depressed, stop suckling and show signs of sepsis.
A patent urachus will appear as a wet, leaking umbilical cord with scalding of the area.
Diagnosis
Urachal diverticuli are easily identified ultrasonographically.
The longitudinal view reveals an outpouching of the bladder apex ranging in size from a small projection to a large finger-like protruberance into the urachus.
The cross-sectional view reveals a fluid pocket that communicates with the bladder apex.
Urachal diverticuli can be mistaken for urachal abscesses if the urachus is not followed in its entirety to the bladder apex.
Serial evaluation of these foals is important to look for signs of urachitis.
A patent urachus should always be investigated through ultrasound examination of the abdomen, bladder and umbilical structures.
Treatment
If the urachal diverticulum is uncomplicated, no treatment is necessary as the urachus will usually seal completely within a few days. The prognosis is good.
Urachitis and a patent urachus cases should be administered antimicrobials and the urachus can be cauterised with 2% iodine or silver nitrate or surgical removal of the umbilical remnants can be performed.
References
McKinnon, A. (1998) Equine diagnostic ultrasonography Wiley-Blackwell
Samper, J. (2008) Equine breeding management and artificial insemination Elsevier Health Sciences
McKinnon, A. (1993) Equine reproduction Wiley-Blackwell
Pycock, J. (1997) Self-assessment colour review of equine reproduction and stud medicine Manson Publishing