Difference between revisions of "Respiratory System Clinical Signs - Pathology"

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|linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology
 
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|linktext =Cardiorespiratory System
 
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|maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology
 
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|pagetype =Pathology
 
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|sublink1=Respiratory System - Pathology
 
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|subtext1=RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 
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<br>
 
 
===Nasal discharge===
 
===Nasal discharge===
 
*Bilateral discharge:
 
*Bilateral discharge:
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**Lesion is caudal to nasal septum eg: pharyngeal lesion; LRT lesion in [[Hindgut Fermenters - Horse - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]]  
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**Lesion is caudal to nasal septum eg: pharyngeal lesion; LRT lesion in [[Alimentary System  - Horse Anatomy|horses]]  
 
**Lesion has resulted in nasal septum destruction
 
**Lesion has resulted in nasal septum destruction
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***[[Nasal cavity - hyperplastic and neoplastic|Neoplasia]]
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***[[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|Neoplasia]]
 
***[[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology|Fungal infection]]
 
***[[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology|Fungal infection]]
 
*Unilateral discharge:
 
*Unilateral discharge:
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===Facial swelling===
 
===Facial swelling===
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*[[Nasal cavity|Nasal]]
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*[[Nasal Cavity - Pathology|Nasal]]
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*[[Nasopharynx|Pharyngeal]]
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*[[:Category:Nasopharynx - Pathology|Pharyngeal]]
  
  
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*Any location
 
*Any location
  
 +
===[[Epistaxis]]===
  
 
===Coughing===
 
===Coughing===
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*[[Nasopharynx|Pharynx]]
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*[[:Category:Nasopharynx - Pathology|Pharynx]]
−
*[[Larynx]]
+
*[[:Category:Larynx - Pathology|Larynx]]
−
*[[Trachea]]
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*[[:Category:Trachea - Pathology|Trachea]]
−
 
 
  
 
===Dyspnoea/altered air flow===
 
===Dyspnoea/altered air flow===
 
*Respiratory noise
 
*Respiratory noise
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−
 
−
 
−
===Epistaxis===
 
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*Haemorrhage from the nose
 
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*May originate from nasopharynx or lower respiratory tract
 
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*Causes
 
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**Inflammation eg: [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory|ulcerative rhinitis]]
 
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**Neoplasia eg: [[Nasal cavity - hyperplastic and neoplastic|infiltrating tumour]], haemangioma
 
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**Trauma
 
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**Clotting defects
 
−
 
−
 
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*'''Horse''':
 
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**[[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Nasal aspergillosis]]
 
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**[[Nasal cavity - hyperplastic and neoplastic#Progressive ethmoidal haematoma|Ethmoidal haematoma]] = 'Haemorrhagic nasal polyp', 'Progressive haematoma' - arise from the ethmoid region and can extend to fill the nasal cavity. They can be difficult to control as they can recur after surgery.
 
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***Histology - multiple areas of acute to chronic haemorrhage within a fibrous tissue stroma.
 
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**[[Lungs - circulatory#Pulmonary haemorrhage|Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage]]
 
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**Rupture of rectus capitus - profuse haemorrhage
 
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**[[Guttural pouches - inflammatory|Mycotic infection of guttural pouches]]
 
−
**Nasolacrimal haemorrhage
 
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**Nasal/pharyngeal trauma/foreign body
 
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**[[Paranasal sinuses - hyperplastic and neoplastic|Sinus neoplasia]]
 
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**[[Nasal cavity - hyperplastic and neoplastic#Nasal and paranasal sinus cysts|Sinus cyst]]
 
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**[[Paranasal sinuses - inflammatory|Sinusitis]]
 
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**Lower airway disease
 
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**[[Lungs - hyperplastic and neoplastic|Pulmonary neoplasia]]
 
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**Cardiac
 
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***Mitral insufficiency
 
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***Atrial fibrillation
 
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**Skeletal
 
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***Head trauma
 
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**Rarely hypertension or vascular aneurysms
 
−
 
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*Blood stained nose at post-mortem - terminal pulmonary congestion, oedema, haemorrhage
 
−
 
  
 
===Dysphagia===
 
===Dysphagia===
  
 
*'''Horses'''
 
*'''Horses'''
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**[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|Gastrointestinal tract]]
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**[[Alimentary System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|Gastrointestinal tract]]
 
***[[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|Oesophageal]] obstruction
 
***[[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|Oesophageal]] obstruction
 
**Respiratory tract
 
**Respiratory tract
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***Retropharyngeal abscesses e.g. [[Bacterial infections#Strangles|strangles]]
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***Retropharyngeal abscesses e.g. [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|strangles]]
 
***Other retropharyngeal masses
 
***Other retropharyngeal masses
 
***Pharyngeal foreign body
 
***Pharyngeal foreign body
 
***Pharyngeal paralysis
 
***Pharyngeal paralysis
 
**Neurological
 
**Neurological
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***[[Guttural pouches - inflammatory|Guttural pouch mycosis]]
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***[[Guttural Pouch Mycosis|Guttural pouch mycosis]]
−
***[[Intestines - physical disturbances#Dysautonomia|Equine grass sickness]]
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***[[Grass Sickness|Equine grass sickness]]
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***[[Clostridium species|Botulism]]
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***[[Clostridium botulinum|Botulism]]
 
***Lead poisoning
 
***Lead poisoning
 
*Cleft palate
 
*Cleft palate
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**From Equine Respiratory Diseases edited by P. Lekeux, published by the International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS)  
 
**From Equine Respiratory Diseases edited by P. Lekeux, published by the International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS)  
 
**Requires IVIS membership
 
**Requires IVIS membership
 +
 +
 +
[[Category:Respiratory System - Pathology]]

Latest revision as of 17:34, 8 November 2012

Nasal discharge

  • Bilateral discharge:
  • Unilateral discharge:
    • Lesion is cranial to nasal septum eg: nasal or sinus lesion; pharyngeal or guttural pouch lesion in horses.
  • Type of discharge
    • Serous
    • Catarrhal
    • Purrulent
    • Haemorrhage

Sneezing

  • Nasal


Facial swelling


Pain

  • Any location

Epistaxis

Coughing

Dyspnoea/altered air flow

  • Respiratory noise

Dysphagia



  • Equine respiratory disease by clinical signs
    • Contains pictures and videos
    • From Equine Respiratory Diseases edited by P. Lekeux, published by the International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS)
    • Requires IVIS membership
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