Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

[[Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|Tooth extraction]] is the '''most common''' surgical procedure performed in the horse. However it should always be considered a last resort as there are considered to be both '''welfare''' issues and '''potential risks/complications''' associated with the procedure. The extraction of a cheek teeth is considerably more '''invasive''' that the removal of wolf teeth and caps and is considered to be a major operation which should be performed either under '''sedation or general anaesthetic'''. Ideally '''radiography''' should be performed to identify the affected tooth before any extraction.  

[[Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|Tooth]] extraction is the '''most common''' surgical procedure performed in the horse. However it should always be considered a last resort as there are both '''welfare''' issues and '''potential risks/complications''' associated with the procedure. The extraction of a cheek tooth is considerably more '''invasive''' than the removal of wolf teeth and caps and is considered to be a major operation which should be performed either under '''sedation or general anaesthetic'''. Ideally '''radiography''' should be performed to identify the affected tooth before any extraction.  

==Indications==

==Indications==

 

There are numerous reasons for cheek tooth extraction, these include: '''fractured teeth, loose teeth, displaced teeth, [[Periodontal Disease|peridontal disease]], impaction, apical and periapical abcessation, infundibular necrosis, [[Mandibular Fracture - Horse|mandibular fractures]], neoplasia and the removal of supernumerary teeth'''.  

There are numerous reasons for cheek tooth extraction, these include: '''fractured teeth, loose teeth, displaced teeth, peridontal disease, impaction, apical and periapical abcessation, infundibular necrosis, [[Mandibular Fractures|mandibular fractures]], neoplasia and the removal of supernumarary teeth'''.  

==Techniques==

==Techniques==

With all extractions the entire tooth should '''always''' be removed. It is necessary to disrupt the '''[[Enamel Organ|periodontal ligament]]''' and '''alveolar margin''' in order to remove the tooth. Care should be taken not to damage the adjacent teeth. There are three commonly used techniques for cheek tooth extraction:

With all extractions the entire tooth should '''always''' be removed. It is necessary to disrupt the '''[[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology|periodontal ligament]]''' and '''alveolar margin''' in order to remove the tooth. Care should be taken not to damage the adjacent teeth. There are three commonly used techniques for cheek tooth extraction:

===Oral Extraction===

===Oral Extraction===

This technique is the '''least invasive''' (as the alveolus remains intact) and it can be performed under '''sedation'''. If the technique is unsuccessful subsequent surgical extraction may be required. It is ideal for use in elderly horses as the [[Enamel Organ|periodontal ligament]] is often already loose.

This technique is the '''least invasive''' (as the alveolus remains intact) and it can be performed under '''sedation'''. If the technique is unsuccessful subsequent surgical extraction may be required. It is ideal for use in elderly horses as the [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology|periodontal ligament]] is often already loose.

First, the gingival margin should be lifted using '''elevators'''. Secondly, '''molar spreaders''' should be placed between the extraction tooth and the surrounding teeth. Finally, '''forceps''' should be placed on the extraction tooth and gently rotated to loosen the surrounding attachments. This final step can take a '''very long time''' - particularly where the periodontal ligament is intact, but it should not be rushed as this could result in fracture of the extracted tooth.  

First, the gingival margin should be lifted using '''elevators'''. Secondly, '''molar spreaders''' should be placed between the extraction tooth and the surrounding teeth. Finally, '''forceps''' should be placed on the extraction tooth and gently rotated to loosen the surrounding attachments. This final step can take a '''very long time''' - particularly where the periodontal ligament is intact, but it should not be rushed as this could result in fracture of the extracted tooth.  

Verstraete, F. J. M. (1998) '''Self-Assessment Colour Review - Veterinary Dentistry''' ''Manson''

Verstraete, F. J. M. (1998) '''Self-Assessment Colour Review - Veterinary Dentistry''' ''Manson''

[[Category: To Do - Siobhan Brade]]

 

[[Category:To Do - Manson review]]

[[Category:Dental Diseases - Horse]]

[[Category:Surgery]]

[[Category:Expert Review - Horse]]