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==Introduction==

==Description==

Although many foreign objects are regurgitated from or transported through the gastrointestinal tract, those that are too large or have sharp points may remain lodged in the oesophagus and cause mechanical obstructions. Foreign bodies that become lodged in the oesophagus often have sharp points and include bones, fish hooks, needles, sticks and toys.  The most common foreign bodies found in dogs are bones and bone fragments, particularly pieces of lamb vertebrae.  In cats, toys are the most common objects to become lodged.   

Although many foreign objects are regurgitated from or transported through the gastrointestinal tract, those that are too large or have sharp points may remain lodged in the oesophagus and cause mechanical obstructions. Foreign bodies that become lodged in the oesophagus often have sharp points and include bones, fish hooks, needles, sticks and toys.  The most common foreign bodies found in dogs are bones and bone fragments, particularly pieces of lamb vertebrae.  In cats, toys are the most common objects to become lodged.   

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

Animals with oesophageal foreign bodies without perforation carry a good prognosis. Those with oesophageal perforation carry a guarded prognosis depending on the degree of thoracic contamination.  Surgical removal of foreign bodies is associated with more adverse effects than endoscopic removal.

Animals with oesophageal foreign bodies without perforation carry a good prognosis. Those with oesophageal perforation carry a guarded prognosis depending on the degree of thoracic contamination.  Surgical removal of foreign bodies is associated with more adverse effects than endoscopic removal.

==References==

==References==

*Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''

*Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''

*Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual'''

*Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual'''''Merial

*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.

*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.

[[Category:Oesophagus_-_Pathology]]

[[Category:Oesophagus_-_Pathology]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_James]]

[[Category:Expert_Review - Small Animal]]

[[Category:Expert_Review]]

[[Category:Oesophageal Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Oesophageal Diseases - Cat]]

[[Category:Dog]]