WikiVet English

Changes

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi (view source)

Revision as of 17:48, 4 June 2016

418 bytes removed ,  17:48, 4 June 2016
→‎Life Cycle
Line 1: Line 1: −
== Lungworm ==
+
{{OpenPagesTop}}
−
=== ''DICTYOCAULUS ARNFIELDI'' ===
+
{{Taxobox
 +
|name              =''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi
 +
|kingdom            =
 +
|phylum            =
 +
|class              =[[:Category:Nematodes|Nematoda]]
 +
|sub-class          =
 +
|order              =
 +
|super-family      =[[Trichostrongyloidea]]
 +
|family            =
 +
|sub-family        =
 +
|genus              =Dictyocaulus
 +
|species            ='''''D. arnfieldi'''''
 +
}}
 
[[Image:Dictyocaulus arnfieldi.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'' from horse faeces - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
 
[[Image:Dictyocaulus arnfieldi.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'' from horse faeces - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
−
==== General ====
+
Also known as: '''''Equine lungworm
−
*Lungworm of equidae; adult worms found in smaller bronchi. Frequently incriminated as the cause of a chronic cough.
     −
==== Morphology and Life-Cycle ====
+
==Hosts==
−
*Similar to lungworm in cattle, except:
+
Donkeys, and occasionally horses.
−
**embryonated eggs (80-100µm) passed in fresh faeces; and
  −
**prepatent period = 12weeks.
     −
==== Epidemiology ====
+
==Identification==
−
*Main source of infection = donkeys (remain infected for years) - contaminate horse pasture.
+
''D. arnfieldi'' are of the superfamily [[Trichostrongyloidea]].  Adults are slender, thread-like and white. Females are larger than males at around 6.5cm in length.  The males have a small non-lobulated bursa.
−
*Infection can cycle in horses.
      +
The embryonated eggs are 80-100µm in length.
   −
{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
+
==Life Cycle==
 +
The lifecycle is not greatly known, but it is currently thought to be similar to that of ''[[Dictyocaulus viviparus]]''.
   −
!
+
The prepatent period is 2-3 months.
−
!'''Horses'''
  −
!'''[[Lungworm - Donkey|Donkeys]]'''
     −
|-
+
{{Learning
−
|'''Prevalence'''
+
|flashcards = [[Horse_Nematode_Flashcards|Horse Nematode Flashcards]]
−
|10-20%
+
|literature search =[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Dictyocaulus+arnfieldi%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=42&y=10&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'' publications]
−
|75%
+
|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=nematode Nematodes]
−
|-  
+
}}
−
|'''Adult worms'''
  −
|Few
  −
|Many
  −
|-  
  −
|'''Eggs in faeces'''
  −
|Often zero
  −
|Many
  −
|-
  −
|'''Period of patency'''
  −
|<8months
  −
|5+ years
  −
|-
  −
|'''Clinical signs'''
  −
|Sometimes
  −
|Rarely
  −
|}
        −
'''NOTE''': Clinical signs - chronic cough at rest or during exercise, single animal or group of horses, autumn or early winter.
+
{{review}}
   −
*''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'' causes [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Dictyocaulus arnfieldi|cough in horses]]
+
{{OpenPages}}
   −
==== Pathogenicity ====
  −
*Raised areas of over-inflated pulmonary tissue (several cms in diameter) surrounding small bronchus containing worms and mucopurulent exudate.
  −
*Hyperplastic bronchial epithelium.
  −
*Peribronchial "cuffing".
     −
==== Diagnosis ====
+
[[Category:Dictyocaulus]][[Category:Horse_Nematodes]]
−
*Clinical signs.
  −
*Grazing history (donkey contact or shared grazing).
  −
*Faecal examination (only detects patent infections = small proportion of lungworm infections in horses):
  −
**process sample immediately = McMaster method, embryonated eggs
  −
**process sample later = Baerman technique, larvae with tail spine.
  −
*Tracheobronchial washings (large eosinophils).
  −
*Response to anthelmintic treatment (e.g. resolution of clinical signs = retrospective diagnosis).
     −
==== Control ====
+
[[Category:Expert_Review]]
−
*Do not keep horses on pastures grazed by donkeys (potential carriers).
+
[[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]]
−
*Treat donkeys with appropriate anthelmintic in spring if grazed with horses.
  −
[[Category:Trichostrongyloidea]][[Category:Horse_Nematodes]]
 
Bhavisha
147

edits

Retrieved from "https://en.wikivet.net/Special:MobileDiff/62842...186876"