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| − | {{review}} | + | {{Taxobox |
| − | | + | |name =Giardia |
| − | {{toplink
| + | |kingdom =Protista |
| − | |backcolour = | + | |sub-kingdom =Biciliata |
| − | |linkpage =Parasites | + | |phylum =Metamonada |
| − | |linktext =PARASITES | + | |super-class =Eopharyngea |
| − | |pagetype=Bugs | + | |class =Trepomonadea |
| − | |sublink1=Protozoa | + | |sub-class =Diplozoa |
| − | |subtext1=PROTOZOA | + | |super-order = |
| | + | |order =Giardiida |
| | + | |sub-order = |
| | + | |super-family = |
| | + | |family =Diplomonadidae |
| | + | |sub-family = |
| | + | |genus =Giardia |
| | + | |species = |
| | }} | | }} |
| − | <br>
| + | [[Image:Giardia lamblia life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia lamblia life cycle'' - Wikimedia Commons]] |
| − | ==Recognition==
| |
| − | [[Image:Giardia cysts.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' cysts from gerbil faecea - H.D.A. Lindquist, U.S. EPA]]
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| − | [[Image:Giardia lamblia life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia lamblia'' life cycle - Wikimedia Commons]] | |
| | [[Image:Giardia lamblia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia lamblia'' - Janice Carr]] | | [[Image:Giardia lamblia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia lamblia'' - Janice Carr]] |
| | [[Image:Giardia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]] | | [[Image:Giardia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]] |
| | [[Image:Giardia cyst.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' cyst - Courtesy of the Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine]] | | [[Image:Giardia cyst.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' cyst - Courtesy of the Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine]] |
| − | *Flagellate protozoa
| + | ==Overview== |
| | + | These protozoan parasite are found in humans as well as wild and domestic animals. They are a common cause of severe [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] as part of the clinical symptoms [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]]. |
| | | | |
| − | *Found in the intestine of humans
| + | ==Recognition== |
| | | | |
| − | *Associated with chronic [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]]
| + | ''Giardia spp.'' are flagellate protozoa with 8 flagella, 6 of which emerge from the body and are used in motility. They are 15-20μm long, pear shaped with a flat ventral surface. The most unique feature of this protozoa is the presence of a large adhesive disk in the flat surface that is used for attaching to the intestinal mucosa. |
| | | | |
| − | *Found in both wild and domestic animals
| + | ==Life Cycle== |
| | | | |
| − | *15-20μm long
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| | | | |
| − | *Pear-shaped
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| − |
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| − | *8 flagella
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| − | **6 flagellae are free
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| − |
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| − | *Large adhesive discs to hold onto intestinal mucosa
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| − |
| |
| − | ==Life Cycle==
| |
| | | | |
| | *Simple and direct | | *Simple and direct |
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| | ==Pathogenesis== | | ==Pathogenesis== |
| | | | |
| − | *Commonest cause of protozoal [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] of man in the UK | + | *Commonest cause of protozoal [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] of man in the UK |
| | | | |
| | *Common in domesticated animals | | *Common in domesticated animals |
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| | ***Some subspecies are zoonotic | | ***Some subspecies are zoonotic |
| | | | |
| − | ==Diagnosis==
| + | {{Learning |
| − | | + | |flashcards = [[Giardia_Flashcards|Giardia Flashcards]] |
| − | *Faecal examination
| + | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=protozoa Protozoa] |
| − | **Cysts need to be distinguished from pollen grains and yeasts
| + | }} |
| − | | |
| − | *Cyst excretion is intermittent
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| − | **Faeces need to be collected over a 3 day period
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| − | | |
| − | *Cysts are '''heavy'''
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| − | **Needs higher density flotation fluids
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| − | **Do not float well in saturated sodium chloride solution
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| − | | |
| − | *Immunoassays
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| − | **Detect cyst antigen in faeces
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| − | | |
| − | ==Control and Treatment== | |
| − | | |
| − | *Sanitation and hygiene
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| − | **Minimise risk of human infection
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| − | | |
| − | *Boil (or sterilise through other means) drinking water in regions of the world where drinking water may be contaminated
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| − | | |
| − | *Avoid uncooked foodstuffs
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| − | **Contaminated by washing
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| − | | |
| − | *[[Ectoparasiticides|Drug Treatments]]
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| − | **Metronidazole
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| − | ***Flagyl, Torgyl
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| − | **Fenbendazole
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| − | ***Panacur
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| | | | |
| − | *[[Vaccines - WikiBlood|Vaccination]]
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| − | **Killed trophozoites
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| − | **Available in the USA for cats and dogs
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| − | **Decreases the excretion and viability of cysts
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| − | **Decreases environmental pressure
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| | | | |
| − | ==[[Protozoa Flashcards - Wikibugs|Protozoa Flashcards]]==
| + | {{unfinished}} |
| | + | [[Category:Miscellaneous_Protozoa]] |
| | + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]] |