Difference between revisions of "Avian Intestines - Anatomy & Physiology"

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<big><center>[[Avian Digestive Tract - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO THE AVIAN DIGESTIVE TRACT - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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==Structure==
 
==Structure==
  
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The '''intestines''' occupy the caudal part of the body. They contact the reproductive organs and the '''[[Gizzard - Anatomy & Physiology|gizzard]]'''. The '''small intestine''' is long and relatively uniform in shape and size. There is no demarcation between the '''[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]''' and the '''[[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]]'''.
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*The inestines occupy the caudal part of the body
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*Contacts the reproductive organs and [[The Gizzard - Anamtomy & Physiology|gizzard]]
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*The small intestine is long and relatively uniform in shape and size
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*There is no demarcation between the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] and the [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]]  
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[[Image:Duodenum Avian Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Anatomy of the Avian Duodenum and Pancreas - RVC 2008]]
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*The [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]] passes caudally over the gizzard then loops back towards the stomach where it joins the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]
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**Arises from the right dorsal aspect of the [[The Gizzard - Anamtomy & Physiology|gizzard]]
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**Loop lies ventral on the abdominal floor
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**The [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]] lies within the loops
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**3 pancreatic ducts and one bile duct enter the caudal [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]] at a common papila
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*[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|Jejunum]]
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**Loose coils around the mesentery
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**Thin walls so content appears green
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**Suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery
 
   
 
   
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[[Image:Duodenum Avian Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Anatomy of the Avian Duodenum and Pancreas - RVC 2008]]
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*[[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|Ileum]]
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**Begins opposite the apices of the caeca or at the vitelline diverticula
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**Suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery 
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[[Image:Colon and Caeca Anatomy Avian.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Anatomy of the Avian Colon and Caeca - RVC 2008]]
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*A short [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
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**The colon lies ventral to the synasacrum and opens into the cloaca
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**Runs ventral to the vertebrae
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**Terminates in the coprodeum
  
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The '''[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]''' passes caudally over the '''gizzard''' then loops back towards the stomach where it joins the '''jejunum'''. It arises from the right dorsal aspect of the '''gizzard'''. The loop lies ventral on the abdominal floor and the '''[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]]''' lies within the loops. Three '''pancreatic ducts''' and one '''bile duct''' enter the caudal '''duodenum''' at a common papilla.
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*2 caeca from the ileocaecal junction run with the ileum caudally
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**Blind sacs about 16-18cm long
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**Extend towards the liver then fold back on themselves
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**Mesentery runs between the caeca then on towards the [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]]
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**Often contain dark coloured material
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**3 parts of each caeca
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**Bacterial breakdown of cellulose occurs
  
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===[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|Jejunum]]===
 
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The jejunum has loose coils around the mesentery. It has thin walls so its content appears green. It is suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery.
 
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===[[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|Ileum]]===
 
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The ileum begins opposite the apices of the '''caeca''' or at the '''vitelline diverticula'''. It is suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery  .
 
  
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[[Image:Colon and Caeca Anatomy Avian.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Anatomy of the Avian Colon and Caeca - RVC 2008]]
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==Vitelline Diverticula==
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[[Image:Vitelline Diverticula.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Vitelline Diverticula Anatomy- RVC 2008]]
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*Small outgrowth on the [Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]
  
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===[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]===
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*Former connection will yolk sac
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The short colon lies ventral to the '''synsacrum''' and opens into the '''[[Avian Vent and Cloaca - Anatomy & Physiology|cloaca]]'''. It runs ventral to the vertebrae and terminates in the '''coprodeum'''. Amino acids and glucose can be absorbed here.
 
  
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Two '''caeca''' from the '''ileocaecal junction''' run with the '''ileum''' caudally. They are blind sacs. They extend towards the [[Avian Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] then fold back on themselves. The mesentery runs between the caeca then on towards the ileum. It often contains dark coloured material. There are three parts of each caecum. It is where the bacterial breakdown of cellulose occurs. Antiperistaltic movements transport chyme and the caeca are emptied a few times per day. Unlike mammals, there are no lacteals in the epithelium.
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*Also called Meckel's diverticulum
  
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===Vitelline Diverticula===
 
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[[Image:Vitelline Diverticula.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Vitelline Diverticula Anatomy- RVC 2008]]
 
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The vitelline diverticulum is a small outgrowth on the '''jejunum'''. It is the former connection with the yolk sac. It is also called '''Meckel's diverticulum'''.
 
  
 
==Function==
 
==Function==
  
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See '''[[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine overview]]'''.
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*See [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]
  
  
 
==Vasculature==
 
==Vasculature==
  
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See '''[[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine overview]]'''.
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*See [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]
  
  
 
==Innervation==
 
==Innervation==
  
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See '''[[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine overview]]'''.
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*See [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]
  
  
 
==Lymphatics==
 
==Lymphatics==
  
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Patches of lymphoid nodules are present in '''[[Peyer's Patches - Anatomy & Physiology|Peyer's Patches]]'''. They are most abundant in the '''[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]'''. There are no mesenteric lymph nodes.
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*Patches of lymphoid nodules are present
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*Most abundant in the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]
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==Histology==
 
==Histology==
  
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The serous coat has nerve plexuses. There are columnar epithelium and goblet cells, with smooth muscle in folds at the base. The '''caecal sphincter''' at the proximal part contains a lot of lymphoid tissue (caecal tonsil). The middle section has thin walls and appears green and the bulbous blind ends have thicker walls.
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*Caeca
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**Serous coat has nerve plexuses
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**Columnar epithelium and goblet cells
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**Smooth muscle in folds at base
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**Caecal sphincter at proximal part containing a lot of lymphoid tissue (caecal tonsil)
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**Middle section has thin walls and appears green
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**The bulbous blind ends have thicker walls  
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*See [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]
  
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For more information, see: [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology|small intestine histology]].
 
  
 
==Species Differences==
 
==Species Differences==
  
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The '''duck''' and '''goose''' have several loops of 'U' shaped [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]. '''Pigeons''' have a circular mass of jejunum with inner and outer turns. Long caeca are present in the '''turkey''' and '''chicken'''. '''Pigeons''' and song birds have short caeca. '''Parrots''' do not have caeca. The dorsal and ventral lobes of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]] are connected dorsally in '''poultry'''.
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*Duck and goose have several loops of 'U' shaped [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]
  
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==Links==
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*Pigeons have a circular mass of [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] with inner and outer turns
  
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'''Click here for information on the [[:Category:Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology]]'''
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*Long caeca in turkey and chicken
  
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'''Click here for more information on the [[:Category:Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology]]'''
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*Pigeons and song birds have short caeca
  
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{{Template:Learning
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*Parrots do not have caeca
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|flashcards = [[The Avian Alimentary Tract - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|Avian Alimentary Tract]]
 
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}}
 
  
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{{OpenPages}}
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==Links==
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[[Category:Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 
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[[Category:Avian Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 
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[[Category:A&P Done]]
 

Revision as of 09:35, 15 July 2008

BACK TO THE AVIAN DIGESTIVE TRACT - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY


Structure

  • The inestines occupy the caudal part of the body
  • Contacts the reproductive organs and gizzard
  • The small intestine is long and relatively uniform in shape and size
Anatomy of the Avian Duodenum and Pancreas - RVC 2008
  • The duodenum passes caudally over the gizzard then loops back towards the stomach where it joins the jejunum
    • Arises from the right dorsal aspect of the gizzard
    • Loop lies ventral on the abdominal floor
    • The pancreas lies within the loops
    • 3 pancreatic ducts and one bile duct enter the caudal duodenum at a common papila
  • Jejunum
    • Loose coils around the mesentery
    • Thin walls so content appears green
    • Suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery
  • Ileum
    • Begins opposite the apices of the caeca or at the vitelline diverticula
    • Suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery
Anatomy of the Avian Colon and Caeca - RVC 2008
  • A short colon
    • The colon lies ventral to the synasacrum and opens into the cloaca
    • Runs ventral to the vertebrae
    • Terminates in the coprodeum
  • 2 caeca from the ileocaecal junction run with the ileum caudally
    • Blind sacs about 16-18cm long
    • Extend towards the liver then fold back on themselves
    • Mesentery runs between the caeca then on towards the ileum
    • Often contain dark coloured material
    • 3 parts of each caeca
    • Bacterial breakdown of cellulose occurs


Vitelline Diverticula

Vitelline Diverticula Anatomy- RVC 2008
  • Small outgrowth on the [Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]
  • Former connection will yolk sac
  • Also called Meckel's diverticulum


Function


Vasculature


Innervation


Lymphatics

  • Patches of lymphoid nodules are present


Histology

  • Caeca
    • Serous coat has nerve plexuses
    • Columnar epithelium and goblet cells
    • Smooth muscle in folds at base
    • Caecal sphincter at proximal part containing a lot of lymphoid tissue (caecal tonsil)
    • Middle section has thin walls and appears green
    • The bulbous blind ends have thicker walls


Species Differences

  • Duck and goose have several loops of 'U' shaped jejunum
  • Pigeons have a circular mass of jejunum with inner and outer turns
  • Long caeca in turkey and chicken
  • Pigeons and song birds have short caeca
  • Parrots do not have caeca

Links

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