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Common Ingredients Used In Pet Food (view source)
Revision as of 09:37, 14 June 2017
, 09:37, 14 June 2017no edit summary
The ingredients declaration on pet food packaging varies according to [[Pet Food Labels - Nutrition|legislation in place within a country]]. <font color="red">In Europe,</font> ingredients can be grouped together under a category term. For example, many [[Minerals - Nutrition|minerals]] can be included under the additives category rather than naming them individually, and ingredients sourced from animals can be included under the group term meat and animal derivatives (Table 1).
The ingredients declaration on pet food packaging varies according to [[Pet Food Labels - Nutrition|legislation in place within a country]]. [[EU Pet Food Labels|In Europe]], ingredients can be grouped together under a category term. For example, many [[Minerals - Nutrition|minerals]] can be included under the additives category rather than naming them individually, and ingredients sourced from animals can be included under the group term meat and animal derivatives (Table 1).
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Alternatively, a European pet food manufacturer may choose to provide a full ingredients list. Since labelling legislation varies from country to country, pet food manufacturers may be required to list all ingredients. For example, <font color="red">in the USA</font> a pet food manufacturer must list all ingredients used providing information about any process used to make the ingredients and the chemical names where appropriate (for example, [[Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) - Nutrition|pyridoxine hydrochloride]] (source of vitamin B6). A glossary of commonly used ingredients in the EU is provided in <font color="red">Table 2.</font>
Alternatively, a European pet food manufacturer may choose to provide a full ingredients list. Since labelling legislation varies from country to country, pet food manufacturers may be required to list all ingredients. For example, [[USA Pet Food Labels|in the USA]], a pet food manufacturer must list all ingredients used providing information about any process used to make the ingredients and the chemical names where appropriate (for example, [[Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) - Nutrition|pyridoxine hydrochloride]] (source of vitamin B6). A glossary of commonly used ingredients in the EU is provided in Table 2.
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!colspan="3" bgcolor="#97C7F7"|TABLE 2a: Glossary of common ingredients used to make <u>wet</u> pet food in Europe
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!align="center" width="20%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>Group</i>
!align="center" width="20%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>Ingredient</i>
!align="center" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>Description and Use</i>
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!colspan="3" bgcolor="#DEE2E3"|Meat and Animal Derivatives
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Meat and animal derivatives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Beef
!align="left"|<small>Usually fresh or frozen, can include muscle meat and organs such as heart, lung, liver, kidney, tongue, udder, provides a rich source of protein, amino acids, fats, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Meat and animal derivatives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Chicken
!align="left"|<small>Usually fresh or frozen, can include muscle meat and chicken parts such as heart, lung, liver, kidney, intestines, whole carcass, provides a highly digestible source of protein, amino acids, fats, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Meat and animal derivatives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Poultry
!align="left"|<small>Usually fresh or frozen, combination of chicken, turkey, duck or goose parts, can include muscle meat and parts such as heart, lung, liver, kidney, tongue, udder, intestines, whole carcass; provides a highly digestible source of protein, amino acids, fats, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Meat and animal derivatives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Pork
!align="left"|<small>Usually fresh or frozen, can include organs such as heart, lung, liver, kidney; provides a highly digestible source of protein, amino acids, fats, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals; provides a highly digestible source of protein, amino acids, fats, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Meat and animal derivatives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Lamb
!align="left"|<small>Usually fresh or frozen, can include muscle meat and organs such as heart, lung, liver, kidney; provides a highly digestible source of protein, amino acids, fats, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals.</small>
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!colspan="3" bgcolor="#DEE2E3"|Cereals and Grains
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Cereals</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Wheat gluten
!align="left"|<small>Residual high protein fraction of wheat flour once starch has been removed</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Cereals</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Wheat flour
!align="left"|<small>Cereal flour provides carbohydrate primarily as starch and fibre. In wet pet foods cereal flour can be used to help provide chunk texture.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Grains</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Rice - can be broken, whole grain or flour.
!align="left"|<small>Provide a highly digestible source of nutrients including carbohydrates, protein and dietary fibre</small>
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!colspan="3" bgcolor="#DEE2E3"|Gums and Gels
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Xanthan
!align="left"|<small>A polysaccharide thickening agent secreted by the bacterium ''Xanthomonas campestris'' used to thicken gravies</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Carrageenan
!align="left"|<small>A polysaccharide gelling agent, sourced from seaweed, used to create gravies and jellies. Food grade carrageenan has been extensively reviewed and approved for use in foods, including pet food. Due to pet food labelling regulations, food grade carrageenan may appear on the package simply as carrageenan. This should not be confused with degraded carageenan which has been linked to intestinal inflammation and is not permitted in food for humans or pets.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Cassia
!align="left"|<small>A vegetable gum obtained from seeds of the Cassia tree used to provide chunk structure and jelly texture</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Carob
!align="left"|<small>A vegetable gum extracted from the seeds of the carob tree, used as a thickening agent in gels and gravies</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Guar
!align="left"|<small>A vegetable gum extracted from the seeds of the guar bean, used as a thickener and to provide structure to chunks</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Arabic
!align="left"|<small>Also known as acacia gum, from the hardened sap of the Acacia tree, used as a thickening agent in gels and gravies</small>
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!colspan="3" bgcolor="#DEE2E3"|Vitamins
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Vitamin D3
!align="left"|<small>A supplement that delivers the essential nutrient Vitamin D. Unlike humans, dogs and cats cannot produce their own Vitamin D from sunlight so adding Vitamin D into their food is essential for delivering complete and balanced nutrition.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
!align="left"|<small>One of the B-group vitamins essential for normal function of the nervous system.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
!align="left"|<small>One of the B-group vitamins essential for normal function of the nervous system and in skin and coat health. </small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
!align="left"|<small>One of the B-group vitamins essential for healthy metabolism. A deficiency can cause skin, nerve and blood disorders and therefore it is essential to be included in the food as part of complete and balanced nutrition.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
!align="left"|<small>One of the B-group vitamins essential for healthy skin and coat.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
!align="left"|<small>One of the B-group vitamins essential for healthy skin and coat.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
!align="left"|<small>One of the B-group vitamins essential for normal function of the skin and coat health.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Vitamin B12
!align="left"|<small>One of the B-group vitamins essential for normal function of the nervous system and in skin and coat health.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
!align="left"|<small>One of the B-group vitamins essential for healthy nerve function.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Vitamin E acetate
!align="left"|<small>Vitamin E is an essential nutrient that supports a healthy immune system and plays a role in maintaining healthy vision.</small>
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!colspan="3" bgcolor="#DEE2E3"|Amino Acids
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|L-carnitine
!align="left"|<small>An amino acid that assists with fat metabolism </small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Additives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Methionine
!align="left"|<small>An essential amino acid, often supplemented in pure form to ensure the level required for complete and balanced nutrition</small>
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!colspan="3" bgcolor="#DEE2E3"|Vegetable Derivatives
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Vegetable derivatives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Pea protein
!align="left"|<small>Peas are rich in proteins and some essential amino acids</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Vegetable derivatives</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Sugar beet pulp
!align="left"|<small>A by-product from production of sugar, derived from sugar beet, provides a source of dietary fibre and support gut health. It is a good source of both moderately fermentable and non-fermentable fibre and can therefore improve general digestive function as well as benefiting stool quality. </small>
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!colspan="3" bgcolor="#DEE2E3"|Oils and Fats
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Oils and fats</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Fish oil
!align="left"|<small>Provides omega 3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties and are essential for healthy growth.</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Oils and fats</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Sunflower oil
!align="left"|<small>Provides a source of dietary energy, essential fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins</small>
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!colspan="3" bgcolor="#DEE2E3"|Minerals
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Minerals</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Mineral supplements added in refined form
!align="left"|<small>Required to ensure food is nutritionally complete and balanced. For example Zinc Sulphate, Manganese Sulphate, Magnesium Oxide, Copper Sulphate, Di-Calcium Phosphate. There are many approved versions of these minerals salts that can be used in pet food based on the formulation required.</small>
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!colspan="3" bgcolor="#DEE2E3"|Fruits and Vegetables
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Fruits and vegetables</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|A range of fruits or vegetables may be included in pet foods to add variety, examples include carrots, apples, peas
!align="left"|<small>Can be added in fresh, frozen or dried form. Must select vegetables appropriate for cats / dogs</small>
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!colspan="3" bgcolor="#DEE2E3"|Various Sugars
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Sugars</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Caramel
!align="left"|<small>Caramel liquid used to provide natural source of brown colouring</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Sugars</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Dextrose
!align="left"|<small>A natural sugar used in tiny amounts in pet food. During cooking dextrose reacts with proteins (Maillard reaction) and creates natural flavours and aromas. </small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Sugars</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Xylose
!align="left"|<small>A natural plant sugar used in tiny amounts in our petfood. During cooking xylose reacts with proteins (Maillard reaction) and creates natural flavours and aromas. </small>
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!align="left"|<small>Not essential in the diet of cats and dogs but may be included in the form of Vitamin C monophosphate for its antioxidant properties and to support the immune system</small>
!align="left"|<small>Not essential in the diet of cats and dogs but may be included in the form of Vitamin C monophosphate for its antioxidant properties and to support the immune system</small>
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small></small>
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#DEE2E3"|Minerals
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Minerals</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|Mineral supplements added refined form
!align="left"|<small>Required to ensure food is nutritionally complete and balanced. For example Zinc Sulphate, Manganese Sulphate, Magnesium Oxide, Copper Sulphate, Di-Calcium Phosphate, Calcium Iodate. There are many approved versions of these minerals salts that can be used in pet food based on the formulation required.</small>
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!colspan="3" bgcolor="#DEE2E3"|Fruits and Vegetables
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!align="left" width="20%"|<small>Fruits and vegetables</small>
!align="left" width="20%"|A range of fruits or vegetables may be included in pet foods to add variety. Examples include carrots, apples, peas
!align="left"|<small>Can be added in fresh, frozen or dried form. Must select vegetables appropriate for cats / dogs.</small>
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{{Reviewed Nutrition 2
|author = [[Abi Stevenson|Dr Abi Stevenson]]
|editor1 = [http://regulatorydiscretion.com/Page_3.html Dr David A. Dzanis]
|editor2 = [[Sarah Abood|Dr Sarah K. Abood]]
|date = April 2017
}}
{{Mars Petcare}}
{{OpenPages}}
[[Category:To Do - Nutrition]]
[[Category:To Do - Nutrition]]
[[Category:Pet Food Manufacture]]
[[Category:Pet Food Manufacture]]