Difference between revisions of "Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology"
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| − | + | <big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> | |
| + | <big><center>[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO SMALL INTESTINE - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY]]</center></big> | ||
| + | |||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
| − | + | The duodenum is the proximal part of the small intestine and extends from the pylorus of the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] to the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]. It has descending and ascending portions and both portions have digestive and absorptive functions. | |
| − | The duodenum is the proximal part of the small intestine and extends from the | ||
==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
| − | The descending duodenum passes out of the | + | *It has a sigmoid flexure upon leaving the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]]. |
| − | At a point between the right [[ | + | *The descending duodenum passes out of the pylorus of the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] (on the right side of the abdomen) and has a sigmoid flexure. It passes towards the right abdominal wall and rises dorsally. In its passage it is related dorsally to the right lobe of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]], ventrally to the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] and medially to the ascending colon and caecum. |
| − | The ascending duodenum is shorter and bends ventrally to enter the mesentery and becomes the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]. | + | **At a point between the right [[Kidney - Comparative Anatomy & Physiology|kidney]] and pelvic inlet it turns medially and cranially around the root of the mesentry to become the ascending duodenum. The point of turn is called the ''caudal flexure'' of the duodenum. |
| + | **The ascending duodenum is shorter and bends ventrally to enter the mesentery and becomes the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]. | ||
| + | *Mesoduodenum attaches the duodenum to the dorsal abdominal wall. | ||
| + | **Within the mesoduodenum is the right lobe of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]]. | ||
| + | *The pancreatic and bile ducts open into the duodenum. | ||
| + | **The bile duct and one of the pancreatic ducts discharge into the proximal part of the duodenum by separate ''major duodenal papillae''. | ||
| + | **The second pancreatic duct discharges a little more distally on a smaller papilla. | ||
| + | *The cranial part of the descending duodenum is attached to the liver by the '''hepatoduodenal ligament'''. This is a remnant of the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|ventral mesogastrium]] in the embryo. | ||
| + | **The bile duct runs within the hepatoduodenal ligament. | ||
==Vasculature== | ==Vasculature== | ||
| − | The duodenum | + | *The duodenum recieves blood from: |
| + | **Coeliac artery | ||
| + | **Cranial mesenteric artery | ||
| + | *Both are branches of the aorta. | ||
| + | *The cranial mesenteric vein drains blood from the duodenum into the portal vein. | ||
| + | **This blood, carrying the products of digestion, enters the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]. | ||
==Species Differences== | ==Species Differences== | ||
===Canine=== | ===Canine=== | ||
| − | The duodenum is about 25cm long | + | *The duodenum is about 25cm long. |
| + | *The mesoduodenum is relatively long. | ||
| − | === | + | ===Horse=== |
| − | + | *Mesoduodenum is relatively short, so the duodenum is closely tethered in a constant position. | |
| + | *The descending duodenum is attached to the base of the caecum. | ||
| + | *The descending duodenum runs caudally beneath the liver to the caudal pole of the right kidney where it has it's caudal flexure to become the ascending duodenum. | ||
===Ruminant=== | ===Ruminant=== | ||
| − | + | *Mesoduodenum is relatively short. | |
| + | *The first part of the descending duodenum rises almost vertically within the ribcage, in close apposition to the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]. | ||
| + | **It turns level with the tuber coxae. | ||
| + | *The first part of the duodenum is attached to the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] by the lesser omentum. | ||
| + | *The descending duodenum also provides attachment for the superficial and deep sheets of the greater omentum. | ||
| − | === | + | ===Pig=== |
| − | + | *Small intestine is comparable to the dog. | |
| + | *Mesoduodenum is relatively long. | ||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
| − | + | [[The Small and Large Intestines| Pathology of the Small and Large Intestine]] | |
| − | + | *[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Anatomy/canine/Pot0036.mp4 Pot 36 The Canine Abdomen] | |
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Revision as of 17:37, 16 July 2008
Introduction
The duodenum is the proximal part of the small intestine and extends from the pylorus of the stomach to the jejunum. It has descending and ascending portions and both portions have digestive and absorptive functions.
Structure
- It has a sigmoid flexure upon leaving the stomach.
- The descending duodenum passes out of the pylorus of the stomach (on the right side of the abdomen) and has a sigmoid flexure. It passes towards the right abdominal wall and rises dorsally. In its passage it is related dorsally to the right lobe of the pancreas, ventrally to the jejunum and medially to the ascending colon and caecum.
- At a point between the right kidney and pelvic inlet it turns medially and cranially around the root of the mesentry to become the ascending duodenum. The point of turn is called the caudal flexure of the duodenum.
- The ascending duodenum is shorter and bends ventrally to enter the mesentery and becomes the jejunum.
- Mesoduodenum attaches the duodenum to the dorsal abdominal wall.
- Within the mesoduodenum is the right lobe of the pancreas.
- The pancreatic and bile ducts open into the duodenum.
- The bile duct and one of the pancreatic ducts discharge into the proximal part of the duodenum by separate major duodenal papillae.
- The second pancreatic duct discharges a little more distally on a smaller papilla.
- The cranial part of the descending duodenum is attached to the liver by the hepatoduodenal ligament. This is a remnant of the ventral mesogastrium in the embryo.
- The bile duct runs within the hepatoduodenal ligament.
Vasculature
- The duodenum recieves blood from:
- Coeliac artery
- Cranial mesenteric artery
- Both are branches of the aorta.
- The cranial mesenteric vein drains blood from the duodenum into the portal vein.
- This blood, carrying the products of digestion, enters the liver.
Species Differences
Canine
- The duodenum is about 25cm long.
- The mesoduodenum is relatively long.
Horse
- Mesoduodenum is relatively short, so the duodenum is closely tethered in a constant position.
- The descending duodenum is attached to the base of the caecum.
- The descending duodenum runs caudally beneath the liver to the caudal pole of the right kidney where it has it's caudal flexure to become the ascending duodenum.
Ruminant
- Mesoduodenum is relatively short.
- The first part of the descending duodenum rises almost vertically within the ribcage, in close apposition to the liver.
- It turns level with the tuber coxae.
- The first part of the duodenum is attached to the liver by the lesser omentum.
- The descending duodenum also provides attachment for the superficial and deep sheets of the greater omentum.
Pig
- Small intestine is comparable to the dog.
- Mesoduodenum is relatively long.