Difference between revisions of "Traumatic Pericarditis"

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|maplink1= Cardiovascular Conditions (Content Map) - WikiClinical
 
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''aka: Wire; Hardware Disease''
 
===Description===
 
  
*[[Traumatic Reticulitis|''Pathophysiology'']]
+
Also known as: '''''Wire — Hardware Disease '''''
  
*A common cause of severe abdominal pain in cattle.
+
Also see: '''[[Traumatic Reticulitis]] — [[Pericarditis]]
  
*Rare in other animals.
+
== Introduction ==
 +
[[Image:traumatic pericarditis 2.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>'''Traumatic pericarditis'''. Courtesy of A. Jefferies</center></small>]]
 +
[[Image:Traumatic pericarditis 4.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>'''Traumatic pericarditis'''. Courtesy of A. Jefferies</center></small>]]
 +
This heart condition is a common cause of severe abdominal pain in cattle, predominantly dairy cattle. It is very rare in other animals. It is caused by ingestion of wire or other piece of metal into the rumen of the cow. Ruminal movements can cause the wire to penetrate the cranial reticulum and therefore penetrate the pericardium and/or liver causing [[pericarditis]].
  
 +
== Clinical Signs ==
 +
The animal will usually appear dull and depressed and may stand away from the herd. She will often show extension of the neck, arching of the back and stand with elbows abducted, which are all signs of cranial abdominal discomfort. There will often also be signs of [[Heart Failure, Right-Sided|right sided heart failure]] and peripheral [[oedema]].
  
===Diagnosis===
+
== Diagnosis ==
 +
History and clinical signs may be indicative of the disease. On physical exam, the cow will elicit a grunt (pain response) when pressure is applied to the ventral abdomen. She will often be pyrexic, have increased pulses and decreased rumen sounds. The faeces may be dry and mucus covered and there will be a noticeable tachycardia. On auscultation of the heart, initially friction rubs or 'Squeaks' may be heard indicating pericardial or pleural adhesions. These may then progress to 'whooshing' sounds over the heart, indicating presence of fluid in the pericardium.
  
====History & Clinical Signs====
+
Blood tests may show a [[neutrophilia]] with a left shift, increased fibrinogen and increased serum total protein.
  
*Common in dairy cattle
+
Fluid analysis of fluid from the pericardium will confirm traumatic pericarditis, by showing presence of bacteria within [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] as well as a large number of degenerate neutrophils.
  
*Dull
+
== Treatment ==
 +
Confine the animal to prevent stress from the rest of the herd. Administer broad spectrum [[antibiotics]] immediately. A rumenotomy should be performed and a hand guided down into the cranial rumen or reticulum to find and remove the foreign object. However, although these treatment options are all viable, the animal is usually culled on economic grounds in most cases.
  
*Depressed
+
Prevention through good husbandry practices, such as a magnet in the feeding wagon etc, is the best control measure.
  
*Extension of the neck
+
{{Learning
 +
|flashcards = [[Cytology Q&A 16]]
 +
}}
  
*Arching of the back
+
== References ==
  
*Standing with elbows abducted
+
Andrews, A.H, Blowey, R.W, Boyd, H and Eddy, R.G. (2004) '''Bovine Medicine '''(Second edition),'' Blackwell Publishing''
  
*Signs of right sided heart failure
+
Ather, H, Parrah, J.D, Moulvi, B.A, Singh, M, Dedmari, F.H. (2012) '''[http://scientific.cloud-journals.com/index.php/IJAVST/article/viewFile/Sci-45/pdf Pericarditis in Bovines - A Review]'''''International Journal of Advanced Veterinary Science and Technology
  
*Peripheral oedema
+
Divers, T.J. and Peek, S.F. (2008) '''Rebhun's diseases of dairy cattle '''''Elsevier Health Scieneces''
  
 +
Radostits, O.M, Arundel, J.H, and Gay, C.C. (2000) '''Veterinary Medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses''''' Elsevier Health Sciences''
  
====Physical Exam====
 
  
*Grunt (pain response) when pressure is applied to the ventral abdomen
+
{{review}}
 
 
*Increased temperature
 
 
 
*Increased pulses
 
 
 
*Decreased to absent rumenal activity
 
 
 
*Dry mucus covered feces
 
 
 
*Tachycardia
 
 
 
 
 
====Laboratory Findings====
 
 
 
Complete Cell Count:
 
 
 
*Neutrophilia with a left shift
 
 
 
*Increased fibrinogen
 
 
 
*Increased serum total protein
 
 
 
 
 
Fluid Analysis: Fluid used from pericardiocentesis can confirm traumatic pericarditis
 
 
 
*Bacteria within [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]
 
 
 
*A large number of degenerate [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]
 
 
 
 
 
====Treatment====
 
 
 
*Confine animal
 
 
 
*Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
 
 
 
*Administer fluids if the animal is dehydrated
 
 
 
*Remove foreign object with a rumenotomy
 
  
*Due to economics most animals are culled
+
==Webinars==
 +
<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/cardiology/webinars/feed</rss>
  
*Prevention through good husbandry practices is the best treatment!
+
[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]][[Category:Cardiology Section]]

Latest revision as of 17:29, 6 January 2023

Also known as: Wire — Hardware Disease

Also see: Traumatic ReticulitisPericarditis

Introduction

Traumatic pericarditis. Courtesy of A. Jefferies
Traumatic pericarditis. Courtesy of A. Jefferies

This heart condition is a common cause of severe abdominal pain in cattle, predominantly dairy cattle. It is very rare in other animals. It is caused by ingestion of wire or other piece of metal into the rumen of the cow. Ruminal movements can cause the wire to penetrate the cranial reticulum and therefore penetrate the pericardium and/or liver causing pericarditis.

Clinical Signs

The animal will usually appear dull and depressed and may stand away from the herd. She will often show extension of the neck, arching of the back and stand with elbows abducted, which are all signs of cranial abdominal discomfort. There will often also be signs of right sided heart failure and peripheral oedema.

Diagnosis

History and clinical signs may be indicative of the disease. On physical exam, the cow will elicit a grunt (pain response) when pressure is applied to the ventral abdomen. She will often be pyrexic, have increased pulses and decreased rumen sounds. The faeces may be dry and mucus covered and there will be a noticeable tachycardia. On auscultation of the heart, initially friction rubs or 'Squeaks' may be heard indicating pericardial or pleural adhesions. These may then progress to 'whooshing' sounds over the heart, indicating presence of fluid in the pericardium.

Blood tests may show a neutrophilia with a left shift, increased fibrinogen and increased serum total protein.

Fluid analysis of fluid from the pericardium will confirm traumatic pericarditis, by showing presence of bacteria within neutrophils as well as a large number of degenerate neutrophils.

Treatment

Confine the animal to prevent stress from the rest of the herd. Administer broad spectrum antibiotics immediately. A rumenotomy should be performed and a hand guided down into the cranial rumen or reticulum to find and remove the foreign object. However, although these treatment options are all viable, the animal is usually culled on economic grounds in most cases.

Prevention through good husbandry practices, such as a magnet in the feeding wagon etc, is the best control measure.


Traumatic Pericarditis Learning Resources
FlashcardsFlashcards logo.png
Flashcards
Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions
Cytology Q&A 16


References

Andrews, A.H, Blowey, R.W, Boyd, H and Eddy, R.G. (2004) Bovine Medicine (Second edition), Blackwell Publishing

Ather, H, Parrah, J.D, Moulvi, B.A, Singh, M, Dedmari, F.H. (2012) Pericarditis in Bovines - A ReviewInternational Journal of Advanced Veterinary Science and Technology

Divers, T.J. and Peek, S.F. (2008) Rebhun's diseases of dairy cattle Elsevier Health Scieneces

Radostits, O.M, Arundel, J.H, and Gay, C.C. (2000) Veterinary Medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses Elsevier Health Sciences



Webinars

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