Difference between revisions of "Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards"

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<FlashCard questions="37">
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<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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|q1=What type of gland is the pancreas?
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<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>
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|a1=Tubuloalveolar
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<big><center>[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO PANCREAS''']]</center></big>
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|l1=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction
 
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|q2=From which embryological germ layer does the pancreas develop from?
 
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|a2=Endoderm, except the connective tissue which develops from splanchnic mesoderm
 
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|l2=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Development
 
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|q3=Does the pancreatic duct develop from the dorsal or ventral bud?
 
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|a3=Ventral
 
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|l3=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Development
 
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|q4=Where do the ducts of the pancreas open into?
 
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|a4=Duodenum; the pancreatic duct opens at the major duodenal papilla with the bile duct; the accessory duct opens at the minor duodenal papilla
 
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|l4=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Structure
 
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|q5=What are the functions of the exocrine part of the pancreas?
 
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|a5=Produces a secretion that is alkaline to neutralise stomach acid and contains enzymes for digestion
 
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|l5=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Exocrine Function
 
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|q6=Which ions are present within the secretion of the pancreas?
 
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|a6=Bicarbonate and chloride
 
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|l6=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Exocrine Function
 
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|q7=Why does stomach acid need to be neutralised?
 
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|a7=To provide the optimum pH for pancreatic enzymes, to prevent damage to the thin, absorptive mucosa of the duodenum and to buffer the large intestine
 
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|l7=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Exocrine Function
 
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|q8=Name the cell types present in the islets of Langerhans
 
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|a8=Alpha, beta, delta and F cells
 
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|l8=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology
 
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|q9=What is the antagonist hormone to insulin and what does it do?
 
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|a9=Glucagon, it raises blood glucose level
 
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|l9=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine Function
 
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|q10=What is the function of somatostatin?
 
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|a10=It inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion
 
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|l10=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine Function
 
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|q11=What effect does parasympathetic innervation have on glucagon secretion?
 
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|a11=Increases it
 
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|l11=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 
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|q12=What effect does glucagon have on body reserves?
 
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|a12=Catabolic
 
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|l12=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 
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|q13=Which shape is the horse's pancreas?
 
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|a13=Triangular
 
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|l13=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Equine
 
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|q14=What is the main target tissue of glucagon?
 
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|a14=Liver
 
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|l14=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 
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|q15=What other tissues does glucagon have an effect on?
 
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|a15=Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
 
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|l15=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 
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|q16=Which enzyme does glucagon inactivate in glycolysis?
 
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|a16=Pyruvate kinase
 
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|l16=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 
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|q17=How does glucagon inactivate this enyme?
 
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|a17=Phosphorylation via PKA
 
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|l17=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 
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|q18=What effect does glucagon have on adipose tissue?
 
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|a18=Increases β oxidation of fatty acids
 
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|l18=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 
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|q19=What effect does glucagon have on skeletal muscle?
 
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|a19=Increases the rate of protein catabolism
 
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|l19=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 
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|q20=How may ketosis occur during fasting?
 
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|a20=The citric acid cycle turns slowly as oxaloacetate is removed to make glucose. Acetyl CoA builds up and is converted to ketone bodies
 
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|l20=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 
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|q21=Describe the structure of insulin.
 
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|a21=A & B chains linked by disulphide bridges
 
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|l21=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin
 
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|q22=Describe the mechanism that causes insulin to be released.
 
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|a22=Glucose enters the β cell through GLUT 2 and is metabolised. ATP depolarises the plasma membrane which leads to calcium signalling causing release of insulin
 
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|l22=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin
 
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|q23=How does insulin enable glucose to be taken up by heptaocytes, adipocytes and skeletal muscle?
 
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|a23=It causes expression of GLUT 4
 
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|l23=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin
 
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|q24=What effect does insulin have on basal metabolic rate?
 
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|a24=Increases it in all cells
 
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|l24=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin
 
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|q25=What are the clinical signs of diabetes mellitus?
 
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|a25=Glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, ketosis and ketonuria
 
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|l25=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Diabetes Mellitus
 
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|q26=What are the two causes of diabetes mellitus in dogs?
 
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|a26=β cell deficiency (mainly) and insulin antagonism
 
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|l26=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Diabetes Mellitus
 
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|q27=How many ducts of the pancreas does the cat have?
 
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|a27=One, the pancreatic duct
 
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|l27=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Carnivore
 
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|q28=In which animal group in particular is there a constant secretion of pancreatic juice?
 
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|a28=Ruminants
 
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|l28=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminants
 
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|q29=What are the two types of diabetes in cats?
 
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|a29=IDDM and NIDDM
 
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|l29=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Diabetes Mellitus
 
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|q30=What are the two arteries that supply blood to the pancreas?
 
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|a30=Coeliac (left lobe) and cranial mesenteric (right lobe)
 
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|l30=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin
 
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|q31=Which hormones increase pancreatic secretion?
 
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|a31=CCK, secretin and gastrin
 
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|l31=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation
 
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|q32=Which lymph nodes does lymph from the pancreas drain into?
 
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|a32=Pancreatoduodenal
 
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|l32=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Lymphatics
 
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|q33=Describe the components of the exocrine pancreas.
 
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|a33=Acini, which consist of 40-50 pyramidal epithelial cells which drain into a lumen
 
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|l33=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology
 
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|q34=What is present in the apex of the epithelial cells?
 
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|a34=Secretory granules containing the zymogen precursors of the pancreatic enzymes
 
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|l34=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology
 
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|q35=Which cell type in the islet of Langerhan's produce somatostatin?
 
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|a35=δ cells
 
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|l35=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology
 
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|q36=Where does the right lobe of the pancreas exits?
 
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|a36=Mesoduodenum
 
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|l36=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Carnivore
 
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|q37=In the dog, which of the two ducts of the pancreas is bigger?
 
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|a37=Accessory
 
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|l37=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Carnivore
 
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</FlashCard>
 
  
  
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[[Category:Alimentary System Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]]
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[[Category:Endocrine System Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]]
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[[Category:Pancreas Flashcards]]
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|-
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|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three parts of the colon?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ascending, transverse and descending'''''
 +
||[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|}
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<big><center>[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO PANCREAS''']]</center></big>
 +
<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
 +
<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>

Revision as of 12:05, 26 July 2008

BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
BACK TO ALIMENTARY FLASHCARDS
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Question Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three parts of the colon?
  • Ascending, transverse and descending
 Link to Answer Article



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