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| − | [[Image:Deep Lymphatic Drainage Diagram.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Deep Lymphatic drainage - Copyright B.Catchpole RVC]]
| + | |backcolour = f5fffa |
| − | ==Introduction== | + | |linkpage =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System - Anatomy & Physiology |
| − | | + | |linktext =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System |
| − | The lymphatic system can be divided into two anatomical and functional subsets: [[Lymphatic Vessels - Anatomy & Physiology|lymphatic vessels]] that carry lymph around the body, and the [[Lymphoreticular System - Anatomy & Physiology|lymphoreticular system]] which describes the lymphoid tissues. The lymphatic system has three functions - immune defence, removal of interstitial fluid from tissues and the transport of fats. | + | |tablelink = Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System (Table)- Anatomy & Physiology |
| − | | + | |maplink = Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System (Concept Map)- Anatomy & Physiology |
| − | ==Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph==
| + | }} |
| − | Due to their structure lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than vascular capillaries which means that not only can they remove fluid more effectively from tissues but they can also take up large molecules as well as chylomicrons. Chylomicrons transport fats and enter the [[Lymph - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph]] to eventually join the circulatory system via the thoracic duct; this enables the lipid soluble [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology#Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption |triacylglycerols (TAGs)]] to be transported into the bloodstream. The interstitial fluid or lymph within the lymphatic vessels passes through lymph nodes where it is surveyed by [[Immunology|immune cells]] before returning to the circulation, ensuring that tissue pathogens are removed.
| + | ==Structure== |
| − | | + | <p>The lymphatic system can be divided into two anatomical and functional subsets: |
| − | ==[[:Category:Lymphoreticular System|Lymphoreticular system]]==
| + | *[[Lymphatic Vessels - Anatomy & Physiology|Lymphatic Vessels]] |
| − | The lymphoreticular system produces [[Immunology|immune cells]] and removes senescent cells.
| + | **Vessels that carry lymph around the body |
| − | Primary (or central) lymphoid tissues can also be referred to as primary lymphoid organs. Maturation of [[Lymphocytes - Introduction|lymphocytes]] and [[Leukopoiesis#Lymphopoiesis|lymphopoiesis]] occurs in the primary lymphoid tissues, with different tissues responsible for maturing different types of lymphocyte. The primary lymphoid tissues are:
| + | *[[Lymphoreticular System - Anatomy & Physiology|Lymphoreticular System]] |
| − | *[[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|Bone marrow]] | + | **Consisting of the lymphoid tissues |
| − | *[[Bursa of Fabricius - Anatomy & Physiology|The Bursa of Fabricius]] | + | ***[[Primary Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|Primary lymphoid tissues]]: |
| − | *[[Thymus - Anatomy & Physiology|The Thymus]] | + | ****[[Appendix - Anatomy & Physiology|Appendix]] |
| − | *[[Haematopoiesis - Overview#Hepatic Phase|The Foetal Liver]]
| + | ****[[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|Bone marrow]] |
| − | | + | ****[[Bursa of Fabricius - Anatomy & Physiology|Bursa of Fabricius]] |
| − | Secondary (or peripheral) lymphoid tissues or secondary lymphoid organs provide a site for immune responses to occur and are populated by relatively mature [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]] and [[Lymphocytes#B cells|B cells]], [[Macrophages|macrophages]] and dendritic cells; each tissue seems to be preferentially populated by lymphocyte types that specialise in the antigens that are most likely to be presented at that site. The secondary lymphoid tissues are:
| + | ****[[Haematopoiesis - Anatomy & Physiology#Hepatic Phase|Foetal liver]] |
| − | *[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|The Lymph nodes]] | + | ****[[Peyer's Patches - Anatomy & Physiology|Ileal Peyer's patch]] |
| − | *[[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|The Spleen]] | + | ****[[Thymus - Anatomy & Physiology|Thymus]] |
| − | *[[Regional Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue or MALT]] | + | ***[[Secondary Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|Secondary lymphoid tissues]]: |
| − | *[[Tonsils - Anatomy & Physiology|The Tonsils]] | + | ****[[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|Spleen]] |
| − | *[[Appendix - Anatomy & Physiology|The Appendix/caecal pouch]] | + | ****[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|Lymph nodes]] |
| − | *[[Peyer's Patches - Anatomy & Physiology|The Ileal Peyer's Patch]] | + | ****[[Regional Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|Regional lymphoid tissue]] |
| − | *[[Regional Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|Regional lymphoid tissue]] | + | ****[[Tonsils - Anatomy & Physiology|Tonsils]] |
| | + | </p> |
| | | | |
| | ==Functions== | | ==Functions== |
| | <p>The lymphatic system has three functions: | | <p>The lymphatic system has three functions: |
| − | # '''Immune defence ''': This is a broad topic area.</p><p>Immune functions are covered broadly under the [[ :Category:Primary Lymphoid Tissue|primary]] and [[ :Category:Secondary Lymphoid Tissue|secondary]] lymphoid tissues of the [[Lymphoreticular System - Anatomy & Physiology|lymphoreticular system]] with further information under the [[Immunology|immunology]] section. | + | #Immune defence |
| − | #'''Removal of interstitial fluid from tissue''': Details can be found at [[Lymphatic Vessels - Anatomy & Physiology#Function|lymphatic vessel function]].
| + | #Removal of interstitial fluid from tissue |
| − | #'''Transport of fat''': Chylomicrons transport digested lipids, however these are too large to enter the blood stream directly and thus enter the lymphatic system before being released into the blood stream. Further details can be found at [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology#Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption|Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption]].
| + | #Transport of fat</p> |
| − | | + | ===Immune defence=== |
| − | {{Learning
| + | <p>This is a broad topic area.</p><p>Immune functions are covered broadly under the [[Primary Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|primary]] and [[Secondary Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|secondary]] lymphoid tissues of the [[Lymphoreticular System - Anatomy & Physiology|lymphoreticular system]] with further information under the [[Immunology - Anatomy & Physiology|immunology]] section. </p> |
| − | |flashcards = [[:Category:Lymphoreticular System Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards|Lymphoreticular Flashcards]]
| + | ===Removal of interstitial fluid=== |
| − | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=lymphatic+ Lymphatic diseases]
| + | Details can be found [[Lymphatic Vessels - Anatomy & Physiology#Function|here]]. |
| − | }}
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| − | | |
| − | ==References==
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| − | Texts:
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| − | *<div id="Dyce">{{citation|initiallast = Dyce|initialfirst = K.M|2last = Sack|2first = W.O|finallast = Wensing|finalfirst = C.J.G|year = 2002|title = Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy|ed =3rd|city = Philadelphia|pub = Saunders}}</div>
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| − | *<div id="Janeway">{{citation|initiallast = Janeway|initialfirst = C.A|2last = Travers|2first = P|3last = Walport|3first = M|finallast = Shlomchik|finalfirst = M.J|year = 2005|title = Immunobiology: The immune system in health and disease|ed = 6th |city = New York|pub = Garland Science Publishing}}</div>
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| − | *<div id="McGeady">{{citation|initiallast = McGeady|initialfirst = T.A|2last = Quinn|2first = P.J|3last = FitzPatrick|3first = E.S|finallast = Ryan|finalfirst = M.T|year = 2006|title = Veterinary Embryology|city = Oxford|pub =Blackwell Publishing}}</div>
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| − | *<div id="Ross">{{citation |initiallast = Ross|initialfirst = M.H|finallast = Pawlina|finalfirst = W|year = 2006|title = Histology: A text and atlas|ed = 5th|city = Baltimore|pub = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|range = }}</div>
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| − | *<div id="Sjaastad">{{citation|initiallast = Sjaastad|initialfirst = O.V|2last = Hove|2first = K|finallast = Sand|finalfirst = O|year = 2004|title = Physiology of Domestic Animals|city = Oslo|pub = Scandinavian Veterinary Press}}</div>
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| − | *<div id="Tizard">{{citation|initiallast = Tizard|initialfirst = I.R|year = 2004|title = Veterinary Immunology: An Introduction|ed = 7th|city = Philadelphia|pub = Saunders}}</div>
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| − | Literature:
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| − | *<div id="Dasso">{{citation|initiallast = Dasso|initialfirst = J.F|2last = Obiakor|2first = H||3last = Bach|3first = H|4last = Anderson|4 first = A.O|finallast = Mage|finalfirst = R.G|year = 2000|jtitle = A morphological and immunohistological study of the human and rabbit appendix for comparison with the avian bursa|jor = Developmental & Comparative Immunology|vol = 24(8)|range = 797-814}}</div>
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| − | *<div id="Metcalfe">{{citation|initiallast = Metcalfe|initialfirst = D.D|2last = Baram|2first = D|finallast = Mekori|finalfirst = Y|year = 1997|jtitle = Mast Cells|jor = Physiological Reviews|vol = 77(4)|range = 1033-1064}}</div>
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| − | *<div id="Nance">{{citation|initiallast = Nance|initialfirst = D.M|finallast = Sanders|finalfirst = V.M|year = 2007|jtitle = Autonomic innervation and regulation of the immune system (1987-2007)|jor = Brain, Behavior, and Immunity|vol = 21(6)|range = 736-745}}</div>
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| − | {{Jim Bee 2007}}
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| − | ==Webinars==
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| − | <rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/clinical-pathology/webinars/feed</rss>
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| − | [[Category:Lymphoreticular System]] | + | ===Transport of lipids=== |
| | + | Chylomicrons transport digested lipids, however these are too large to enter the blood stream directly and thus enter the lymphatic system before being released into the blood stream. Further details can be found [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Triacylglycerol Digestion and Absorption |here]]. |