Difference between revisions of "Respiratory System Clinical Signs - Pathology"
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| + | {{toplink | ||
| + | |backcolour = D1EEEE | ||
| + | |linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology | ||
| + | |linktext =Cardiorespiratory System | ||
| + | |maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology | ||
| + | |pagetype =Pathology | ||
| + | |sublink1=Respiratory System - Pathology | ||
| + | |subtext1=RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | <br> | ||
===Nasal discharge=== | ===Nasal discharge=== | ||
*Bilateral discharge: | *Bilateral discharge: | ||
| − | **Lesion is caudal to nasal septum eg: pharyngeal lesion; LRT lesion in [[ | + | **Lesion is caudal to nasal septum eg: pharyngeal lesion; LRT lesion in [[Hindgut Fermenters - Horse - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]] |
**Lesion has resulted in nasal septum destruction | **Lesion has resulted in nasal septum destruction | ||
| − | ***[[Nasal | + | ***[[Nasal cavity - hyperplastic and neoplastic|Neoplasia]] |
***[[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology|Fungal infection]] | ***[[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology|Fungal infection]] | ||
*Unilateral discharge: | *Unilateral discharge: | ||
| Line 18: | Line 28: | ||
===Facial swelling=== | ===Facial swelling=== | ||
| − | *[[Nasal | + | *[[Nasal cavity|Nasal]] |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Nasopharynx|Pharyngeal]] |
| Line 25: | Line 35: | ||
*Any location | *Any location | ||
| − | |||
===Coughing=== | ===Coughing=== | ||
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Nasopharynx|Pharynx]] |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Larynx]] |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Trachea]] |
| + | |||
===Dyspnoea/altered air flow=== | ===Dyspnoea/altered air flow=== | ||
*Respiratory noise | *Respiratory noise | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===Epistaxis=== | ||
| + | *Haemorrhage from the nose | ||
| + | *May originate from nasopharynx or lower respiratory tract | ||
| + | *Causes | ||
| + | **Inflammation eg: [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory|ulcerative rhinitis]] | ||
| + | **Neoplasia eg: [[Nasal cavity - hyperplastic and neoplastic|infiltrating tumour]], haemangioma | ||
| + | **Trauma | ||
| + | **Clotting defects | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | *'''Horse''': | ||
| + | **[[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Nasal aspergillosis]] | ||
| + | **[[Nasal cavity - hyperplastic and neoplastic#Progressive ethmoidal haematoma|Ethmoidal haematoma]] = 'Haemorrhagic nasal polyp', 'Progressive haematoma' - arise from the ethmoid region and can extend to fill the nasal cavity. They can be difficult to control as they can recur after surgery. | ||
| + | ***Histology - multiple areas of acute to chronic haemorrhage within a fibrous tissue stroma. | ||
| + | **[[Lungs - circulatory#Pulmonary haemorrhage|Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage]] | ||
| + | **Rupture of rectus capitus - profuse haemorrhage | ||
| + | **[[Guttural pouches - inflammatory|Mycotic infection of guttural pouches]] | ||
| + | **Nasolacrimal haemorrhage | ||
| + | **Nasal/pharyngeal trauma/foreign body | ||
| + | **[[Paranasal sinuses - hyperplastic and neoplastic|Sinus neoplasia]] | ||
| + | **[[Nasal cavity - hyperplastic and neoplastic#Nasal and paranasal sinus cysts|Sinus cyst]] | ||
| + | **[[Paranasal sinuses - inflammatory|Sinusitis]] | ||
| + | **Lower airway disease | ||
| + | **[[Lungs - hyperplastic and neoplastic|Pulmonary neoplasia]] | ||
| + | **Cardiac | ||
| + | ***Mitral insufficiency | ||
| + | ***Atrial fibrillation | ||
| + | **Skeletal | ||
| + | ***Head trauma | ||
| + | **Rarely hypertension or vascular aneurysms | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Blood stained nose at post-mortem - terminal pulmonary congestion, oedema, haemorrhage | ||
| + | |||
===Dysphagia=== | ===Dysphagia=== | ||
*'''Horses''' | *'''Horses''' | ||
| − | **[[Alimentary | + | **[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|Gastrointestinal tract]] |
***[[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|Oesophageal]] obstruction | ***[[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|Oesophageal]] obstruction | ||
**Respiratory tract | **Respiratory tract | ||
| − | ***Retropharyngeal abscesses e.g. [[ | + | ***Retropharyngeal abscesses e.g. [[Bacterial infections#Strangles|strangles]] |
***Other retropharyngeal masses | ***Other retropharyngeal masses | ||
***Pharyngeal foreign body | ***Pharyngeal foreign body | ||
***Pharyngeal paralysis | ***Pharyngeal paralysis | ||
**Neurological | **Neurological | ||
| − | ***[[Guttural | + | ***[[Guttural pouches - inflammatory|Guttural pouch mycosis]] |
| − | ***[[ | + | ***[[Intestines - physical disturbances#Dysautonomia|Equine grass sickness]] |
| − | ***[[Clostridium | + | ***[[Clostridium species|Botulism]] |
***Lead poisoning | ***Lead poisoning | ||
*Cleft palate | *Cleft palate | ||
| Line 60: | Line 106: | ||
**From Equine Respiratory Diseases edited by P. Lekeux, published by the International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS) | **From Equine Respiratory Diseases edited by P. Lekeux, published by the International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS) | ||
**Requires IVIS membership | **Requires IVIS membership | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
Revision as of 16:29, 31 July 2008
|
Nasal discharge
- Bilateral discharge:
- Lesion is caudal to nasal septum eg: pharyngeal lesion; LRT lesion in horses
- Lesion has resulted in nasal septum destruction
- Unilateral discharge:
- Lesion is cranial to nasal septum eg: nasal or sinus lesion; pharyngeal or guttural pouch lesion in horses.
- Type of discharge
- Serous
- Catarrhal
- Purrulent
- Haemorrhage
Sneezing
- Nasal
Facial swelling
Pain
- Any location
Coughing
Dyspnoea/altered air flow
- Respiratory noise
Epistaxis
- Haemorrhage from the nose
- May originate from nasopharynx or lower respiratory tract
- Causes
- Inflammation eg: ulcerative rhinitis
- Neoplasia eg: infiltrating tumour, haemangioma
- Trauma
- Clotting defects
- Horse:
- Nasal aspergillosis
- Ethmoidal haematoma = 'Haemorrhagic nasal polyp', 'Progressive haematoma' - arise from the ethmoid region and can extend to fill the nasal cavity. They can be difficult to control as they can recur after surgery.
- Histology - multiple areas of acute to chronic haemorrhage within a fibrous tissue stroma.
- Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage
- Rupture of rectus capitus - profuse haemorrhage
- Mycotic infection of guttural pouches
- Nasolacrimal haemorrhage
- Nasal/pharyngeal trauma/foreign body
- Sinus neoplasia
- Sinus cyst
- Sinusitis
- Lower airway disease
- Pulmonary neoplasia
- Cardiac
- Mitral insufficiency
- Atrial fibrillation
- Skeletal
- Head trauma
- Rarely hypertension or vascular aneurysms
- Blood stained nose at post-mortem - terminal pulmonary congestion, oedema, haemorrhage
Dysphagia
- Horses
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Oesophageal obstruction
- Respiratory tract
- Retropharyngeal abscesses e.g. strangles
- Other retropharyngeal masses
- Pharyngeal foreign body
- Pharyngeal paralysis
- Neurological
- Guttural pouch mycosis
- Equine grass sickness
- Botulism
- Lead poisoning
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Cleft palate
- Dummy foal
- Equine respiratory disease by clinical signs
- Contains pictures and videos
- From Equine Respiratory Diseases edited by P. Lekeux, published by the International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS)
- Requires IVIS membership