Difference between revisions of "Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology"
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+ | [[Image:Fibrosarcoma in rhinarium of cat.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Fibrosarcoma in rhinarium of a cat (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] | ||
+ | [[Image:Lymphoma in nasal cavity.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Lymphoma in nasal cavity (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] | ||
+ | [[Image:Nasal cavity carcinoma.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Nasal cavity carcinoma (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Nasal neoplasia in general=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Majority are malignant, locally invasive but do not metastasise | ||
+ | *Usually pale, soft, fleshy or friable | ||
+ | *May be [[Bones - hyperplastic and neoplastic|osteoma or osteosarcoma, chondroma or chondrosarcoma]], fibroma or fibrosarcoma, myxoma or myxosarcoma, haemangioma or haemangiosarcoma, adenoma or adenocarcinoma | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Adenocarcinoma=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Most common in dogs, also sheep | ||
+ | *Glandular acini in layer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium | ||
+ | *Often mucin filled acini | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Transitional cell carcinoma=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Most common in dogs | ||
+ | *Thick stratified layer of cuboidal cells with distinct basement membrane | ||
+ | *Large growth may be separated by fibrovascular septa | ||
+ | *May contain microcysts that could be confused with adenocarcinoma above | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Squamous cell carcinoma=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *In cats they arise mainly from nasal vestibule | ||
+ | *In horses they originate mainly from maxillary sinus | ||
+ | *Most common nasal tumour | ||
+ | **Serosanquineous or mucopurulent, odourous nasal discharge | ||
+ | *Tissue necrosis | ||
+ | *May cause airway obstruction or facial distortion | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Olfactory neuroblastoma=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Rare, mainly occurs in cats | ||
+ | *Arises from ethmoturbinates in caudal region of nasal cavity | ||
+ | *May penetrate cribriform plate into cerebral cortex | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Ethmoturbinate tumours (papillomas and adenocarcinomas)=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *In horses and other species | ||
+ | *Multiple species may be affected on one premises | ||
+ | *Arising from olfactory cells are endemic in some parts of the world for unknown reason | ||
+ | *May be caused by a virus? | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Progressive ethmoidal haematoma=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Slowly expanding non-neoplastic mass of horses | ||
+ | *Originates from submucosa of ethmoidal labyrinth | ||
+ | *Either from nasal or sinusal portion of ethmoid labyrinth | ||
+ | *Unilateral, can extend to nostrils or choanae | ||
+ | *Rarely elsewhere in sinuses | ||
+ | *Expands to nasal cavity, [[Paranasal Sinuses Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|paranasal sinuses]], [[Nasopharynx Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|nasopharynx]] causing destruction of tissue | ||
+ | *Micro - haemorrhage, calcification of connective tissue fibres | ||
+ | *[[Aspergillus spp.|''Aspergillus'' spp.]] may be present on the lesion | ||
+ | *May cause [[Respiratory System Clinical Signs - Pathology#Epistaxis|epistaxis]] | ||
+ | *Can recur after surgical excision | ||
+ | *May arise subsequently to [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Chronic rhinitis|chronic inflammation]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Nasal polyps=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Polypoid thickening of the inflamed nasal musosa, hyperplastic epithelium | ||
+ | *Pinkish, often pedunculated masses, round, often large and multiple proturberences into the nasal meatus | ||
+ | *Can arise subsequently to [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Chronic rhinitis|chronic inflammation]] | ||
+ | *Old polyps may becoma fibrous | ||
+ | *May recur when excised | ||
+ | *Necessary to distinguish from neoplasia | ||
+ | *Common in cats, less often in dogs, also horses and sheep | ||
+ | *Also see [[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Progressive ethmoidal haematoma|Progressive haematoma]] of horses and [[Nasopharynx Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Nasopharyngeal polyps of cats|Nasopharyngeal polyps]] of cats | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Nasal and paranasal sinus cysts=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Mimic infection or neoplasms | ||
+ | *Expand and destroy surrounding tissue | ||
+ | *Epithelial capsule with haemorrhagic or yellow fluid | ||
+ | *Do not tend to recur after surgery |
Revision as of 21:42, 4 August 2008
|
Nasal neoplasia in general
- Majority are malignant, locally invasive but do not metastasise
- Usually pale, soft, fleshy or friable
- May be osteoma or osteosarcoma, chondroma or chondrosarcoma, fibroma or fibrosarcoma, myxoma or myxosarcoma, haemangioma or haemangiosarcoma, adenoma or adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
- Most common in dogs, also sheep
- Glandular acini in layer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium
- Often mucin filled acini
Transitional cell carcinoma
- Most common in dogs
- Thick stratified layer of cuboidal cells with distinct basement membrane
- Large growth may be separated by fibrovascular septa
- May contain microcysts that could be confused with adenocarcinoma above
Squamous cell carcinoma
- In cats they arise mainly from nasal vestibule
- In horses they originate mainly from maxillary sinus
- Most common nasal tumour
- Serosanquineous or mucopurulent, odourous nasal discharge
- Tissue necrosis
- May cause airway obstruction or facial distortion
Olfactory neuroblastoma
- Rare, mainly occurs in cats
- Arises from ethmoturbinates in caudal region of nasal cavity
- May penetrate cribriform plate into cerebral cortex
Ethmoturbinate tumours (papillomas and adenocarcinomas)
- In horses and other species
- Multiple species may be affected on one premises
- Arising from olfactory cells are endemic in some parts of the world for unknown reason
- May be caused by a virus?
Progressive ethmoidal haematoma
- Slowly expanding non-neoplastic mass of horses
- Originates from submucosa of ethmoidal labyrinth
- Either from nasal or sinusal portion of ethmoid labyrinth
- Unilateral, can extend to nostrils or choanae
- Rarely elsewhere in sinuses
- Expands to nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx causing destruction of tissue
- Micro - haemorrhage, calcification of connective tissue fibres
- Aspergillus spp. may be present on the lesion
- May cause epistaxis
- Can recur after surgical excision
- May arise subsequently to chronic inflammation
Nasal polyps
- Polypoid thickening of the inflamed nasal musosa, hyperplastic epithelium
- Pinkish, often pedunculated masses, round, often large and multiple proturberences into the nasal meatus
- Can arise subsequently to chronic inflammation
- Old polyps may becoma fibrous
- May recur when excised
- Necessary to distinguish from neoplasia
- Common in cats, less often in dogs, also horses and sheep
- Also see Progressive haematoma of horses and Nasopharyngeal polyps of cats
Nasal and paranasal sinus cysts
- Mimic infection or neoplasms
- Expand and destroy surrounding tissue
- Epithelial capsule with haemorrhagic or yellow fluid
- Do not tend to recur after surgery