Difference between revisions of "Oropharynx - Pathology"
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+ | ==Introduction== | ||
+ | |||
+ | See [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|anatomy and physiology of the oral cavity]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Defence Mechanisms== | ||
+ | ==Developmental Pathology== | ||
+ | ==Erosive & Ulcerative Pathology== | ||
+ | ==Vesicular Pathology== | ||
+ | ==Neutrophilic Inflammation== | ||
+ | ==Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous Inflammation== | ||
+ | ==Eosinophilic Inflammation== | ||
+ | ==Necrotizing Inflammation== | ||
+ | ==Lymphocytic and plasmacytic Inflammation== | ||
+ | ==Immune Mediated Pathology== | ||
+ | ===Autoimmune=== | ||
+ | ===Hypersensitivity=== | ||
+ | ==Proliferative Pathology== | ||
+ | ===Hyperplastic=== | ||
+ | ===Papular=== | ||
+ | ===Neoplastic=== | ||
+ | ====Adenomas==== | ||
+ | [[Image:dogpap1.gif|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Oral Papilloma Neoplasia in Dog (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]] | ||
+ | *Adenomas are unusual but may develop in oropharyngeal salivary tissue. | ||
+ | ====Melanomas==== | ||
+ | *Melanomas can arise anywhere in the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and are almost invariably malignant with early and widespread metastasis. | ||
+ | *Many are poorly pigmented or even amelanotic and may only be distinguished from squamous carcinomas by histological examination. | ||
+ | ====Papillomas==== | ||
+ | *The common benign epithelial tumour of the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] is the papilloma, which is very often caused by infection with certain types of species-specific papilloma viruses. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Squamous cell Carcinoma==== | ||
+ | [[Image:cowpap1.gif|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Papilloma and Squamous Cell Carninoma of Epiglottis (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]] | ||
+ | *Squamous cell carcinomas are the malignant equivalent of the papilloma and may arise anywhere within the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. | ||
+ | **Those arising over the tonsil (squamous carcinoma of the tonsil or tonsillar carcinoma) are '''very malignant''', invading adjacent tissues and metastasising early. | ||
+ | **Squamous carcinomas of the [[Tongue - Pathology|tongue]] (especially in '''cats''') can also behave in a very malignant fashion. Those at more rostral sites, e.g. on the incisor gingivae, are less likely to metastasise early although they may be locally aggressive. | ||
+ | **Squamous cell carcinomas of the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] in cattle are commonly seen as part of an [[Oesophagus#Upper Alimentary Tract Carcinoma Complex|upper alimentary tract carcinoma complex]]. | ||
+ | ====Other Neoplasms==== | ||
+ | [[Image:fibrosarc.gif|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Fibrosarcoma (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]] | ||
+ | *Both benign and malignant connective tissue tumours do occur, | ||
+ | **e.g. fibroma, fibrosarcoma, osteoma, osteosarcoma. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Degenerative Pathology== | ||
+ | ==Metabolic Pathology== | ||
+ | ==Nutritional Pathology== | ||
+ | ==Traumatic Pathology== | ||
+ | ===Stick injuries in dog=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Sticks may damage to pharynx with oedema and swelling in [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and secondary infection. | ||
+ | *Pieces of wood may remain embedded in back of throat resulting in chronic inflammation. | ||
+ | *Can kill dog. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Vascular Pathology== | ||
+ | ==(Other)== | ||
+ | ==Learning Tools== | ||
+ | [[Alimentary Flashcards - Pathology#Oropharynx Flashcards|Oropharynx Flashcards]] |
Revision as of 14:12, 20 August 2008
|
Introduction
See anatomy and physiology of the oral cavity
Defence Mechanisms
Developmental Pathology
Erosive & Ulcerative Pathology
Vesicular Pathology
Neutrophilic Inflammation
Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous Inflammation
Eosinophilic Inflammation
Necrotizing Inflammation
Lymphocytic and plasmacytic Inflammation
Immune Mediated Pathology
Autoimmune
Hypersensitivity
Proliferative Pathology
Hyperplastic
Papular
Neoplastic
Adenomas
- Adenomas are unusual but may develop in oropharyngeal salivary tissue.
Melanomas
- Melanomas can arise anywhere in the oral cavity and are almost invariably malignant with early and widespread metastasis.
- Many are poorly pigmented or even amelanotic and may only be distinguished from squamous carcinomas by histological examination.
Papillomas
- The common benign epithelial tumour of the oropharynx is the papilloma, which is very often caused by infection with certain types of species-specific papilloma viruses.
Squamous cell Carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinomas are the malignant equivalent of the papilloma and may arise anywhere within the oropharynx.
- Those arising over the tonsil (squamous carcinoma of the tonsil or tonsillar carcinoma) are very malignant, invading adjacent tissues and metastasising early.
- Squamous carcinomas of the tongue (especially in cats) can also behave in a very malignant fashion. Those at more rostral sites, e.g. on the incisor gingivae, are less likely to metastasise early although they may be locally aggressive.
- Squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx in cattle are commonly seen as part of an upper alimentary tract carcinoma complex.
Other Neoplasms
- Both benign and malignant connective tissue tumours do occur,
- e.g. fibroma, fibrosarcoma, osteoma, osteosarcoma.
Degenerative Pathology
Metabolic Pathology
Nutritional Pathology
Traumatic Pathology
Stick injuries in dog
- Sticks may damage to pharynx with oedema and swelling in pharynx and secondary infection.
- Pieces of wood may remain embedded in back of throat resulting in chronic inflammation.
- Can kill dog.