Difference between revisions of "Muscles Developmental - Pathology"
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− | # | + | {{review}} |
+ | |||
+ | {{toplink | ||
+ | |backcolour =CDE472 | ||
+ | |linkpage =Musculoskeletal System - Pathology | ||
+ | |linktext =Musculoskeletal System | ||
+ | |maplink = Musculoskeletal System (Content Map) - Pathology | ||
+ | |pagetype =Pathology | ||
+ | |sublink1=Muscles - Pathology | ||
+ | |subtext1=MUSCLES | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | ===Congenital diaphragmatic defects=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Clefts may lead to [[Peritoneal Cavity Developmental - Pathology#Pleuroperitoneal diaphragmatic hernia|herniation]] of abdominal organs into thoracic cavity in any species | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Myofibrillar hypoplasia=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *In piglets | ||
+ | * = '''Splayleg''' | ||
+ | *May spontaneously resolve | ||
+ | *Unknown cause | ||
+ | *Responsible for significant deaths | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Hyperplasia of muscle fibres=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *In calves and lambs | ||
+ | *'''“Double muscling”''' | ||
+ | **Increased number of myofibres in affected muscle (thighs, rump, loin) | ||
+ | **Predisposes to dystocia | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Muscular dystrophies=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Inherited group of degenerative muscular diseases | ||
+ | *Progressive muscle weakness and wasting | ||
+ | *Usually due to a genetic fault -> muscular protein deficiency | ||
+ | **Duchenne MD in humans due to dystrophin deficiency also present in some animals | ||
+ | **Dystrophin gene mutations reported in the Golden Retriever, Rottweiler, German shorthaired pointer and Irish terrier ''etc.'' | ||
+ | *Inadequate [[Muscle Regeneration - Anatomy & Physiology|regeneration]], [[Muscles Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Hypertrophy|compensatory hypertrophy]] | ||
+ | *More about [[Muscular dystrophy]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Glycogen storage diseases=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Caused by a deficiency of an enzyme | ||
+ | *See [[General Pathology - Degenerations and Infiltrations#Glycogen infiltration|general pathology]] | ||
+ | *Type II glycogenosis | ||
+ | **Deficiency of acid maltase | ||
+ | **In Shorthorn cattle | ||
+ | **Muscular weakness and incoordination | ||
+ | **Glycogen stored in skeletal muscle, heart and CNS | ||
+ | **Type I and II muscle fibres contain glycogen vacuoles | ||
+ | *Type III glycogenosis | ||
+ | **Deficiency of debranching enzyme | ||
+ | **In dogs | ||
+ | **Causes [[Myocardial - Pathology#Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy|hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] and hepatomegaly | ||
+ | **Glycogen in skeletal and cardiac muscle, neurons nad hepatocytes | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Steatosis=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Also called '''lipomatosis''' | ||
+ | *In cattle, sheep and pigs | ||
+ | *Fat replaces lost muscle fibres | ||
+ | *Pale muscle, bilaterally symmetrical | ||
+ | *No clinical significance | ||
+ | *Noticed at slaughter or necropsy | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Myasthenia gravis (MG)=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *'''Acquired''' | ||
+ | **Autoimmune disease | ||
+ | ***Antibodies directed against acetyl choline receptors | ||
+ | **Associated with [[Thymus - Pathology|thymomas]], [[Oesophagus - Pathology#Congenital Achalasia - Megaoesophagus|megaoesophagus]] and dysphagia | ||
+ | **In adult dogs | ||
+ | *'''Congenital''' | ||
+ | **Inherited deficiency in acetyl choline receptors | ||
+ | **Rare | ||
+ | **Newfoundland, Jack Russel Terrier, Springer Spaniels – genetic predisposition | ||
+ | **In dogs – 4 DLA genes recognized: DLA-12, DLA-88, DLA-79 and DLA-64 | ||
+ | **Associated with HLA gene in humans | ||
+ | **No antibodies against acetyl choline receptors in serum | ||
+ | **Non-specific muscle [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Atrophy|disuse atrophy]] and fibrosis or no changes on histology | ||
+ | *Both forms manifest as weakness which worsens on exercise | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Canine dermatomyositis=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Hereditary in Collies and Shetland sheepdgs | ||
+ | *Lesions resemble [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Canine polymyositis|canine polymyositis]] | ||
+ | *Also degeneration of blood vessels -> muscle [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Ischaemia|microinfarcts]] | ||
+ | *Usually generalised but temporalis and other masticatory muscles may be involved the most | ||
+ | *Microscopically: inclusion bodies in endothelial cells | ||
+ | *Also involves [[Skin Immunologic - Pathology#Dermatomyositis|skin]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Porcine stress syndrome|Porcine stress syndrome]]=== |
Revision as of 10:52, 29 October 2008
This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing. |
|
Congenital diaphragmatic defects
- Clefts may lead to herniation of abdominal organs into thoracic cavity in any species
Myofibrillar hypoplasia
- In piglets
- = Splayleg
- May spontaneously resolve
- Unknown cause
- Responsible for significant deaths
Hyperplasia of muscle fibres
- In calves and lambs
- “Double muscling”
- Increased number of myofibres in affected muscle (thighs, rump, loin)
- Predisposes to dystocia
Muscular dystrophies
- Inherited group of degenerative muscular diseases
- Progressive muscle weakness and wasting
- Usually due to a genetic fault -> muscular protein deficiency
- Duchenne MD in humans due to dystrophin deficiency also present in some animals
- Dystrophin gene mutations reported in the Golden Retriever, Rottweiler, German shorthaired pointer and Irish terrier etc.
- Inadequate regeneration, compensatory hypertrophy
- More about Muscular dystrophy
Glycogen storage diseases
- Caused by a deficiency of an enzyme
- See general pathology
- Type II glycogenosis
- Deficiency of acid maltase
- In Shorthorn cattle
- Muscular weakness and incoordination
- Glycogen stored in skeletal muscle, heart and CNS
- Type I and II muscle fibres contain glycogen vacuoles
- Type III glycogenosis
- Deficiency of debranching enzyme
- In dogs
- Causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hepatomegaly
- Glycogen in skeletal and cardiac muscle, neurons nad hepatocytes
Steatosis
- Also called lipomatosis
- In cattle, sheep and pigs
- Fat replaces lost muscle fibres
- Pale muscle, bilaterally symmetrical
- No clinical significance
- Noticed at slaughter or necropsy
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
- Acquired
- Autoimmune disease
- Antibodies directed against acetyl choline receptors
- Associated with thymomas, megaoesophagus and dysphagia
- In adult dogs
- Autoimmune disease
- Congenital
- Inherited deficiency in acetyl choline receptors
- Rare
- Newfoundland, Jack Russel Terrier, Springer Spaniels – genetic predisposition
- In dogs – 4 DLA genes recognized: DLA-12, DLA-88, DLA-79 and DLA-64
- Associated with HLA gene in humans
- No antibodies against acetyl choline receptors in serum
- Non-specific muscle disuse atrophy and fibrosis or no changes on histology
- Both forms manifest as weakness which worsens on exercise
Canine dermatomyositis
- Hereditary in Collies and Shetland sheepdgs
- Lesions resemble canine polymyositis
- Also degeneration of blood vessels -> muscle microinfarcts
- Usually generalised but temporalis and other masticatory muscles may be involved the most
- Microscopically: inclusion bodies in endothelial cells
- Also involves skin