Difference between revisions of "Protozoa Flashcards"

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{{toplink
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|backcolour = f5fffa
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|linkpage =Protozoa
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|linktext =PROTOZOA
 +
|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBugs
 +
|subtext1 =WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS
 +
|pagetype =Bugs
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}}
 
[[Image:Toxoplasma gondii.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxoplasma gondii'' - Ke Hu and John Murray]]
 
[[Image:Toxoplasma gondii.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxoplasma gondii'' - Ke Hu and John Murray]]
−
<big>
 
−
'''[[Coccidia Flashcards]]
 
  
−
'''[[Cryptosporidia Flashcards]]
+
==<font color="purple">Protozoa</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the four different ways protozoa can move?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Cilia'''''
 +
*'''''Flagellum'''''
 +
*'''''Pseduopodia'''''
 +
*'''''Gliding'''''
 +
||[[Protozoa#Structure and function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How do protozoa reproduce?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''By binary fission'''''
 +
*'''''By schizogony'''''
 +
*'''''By sporogony'''''
 +
*'''''By gametogeny'''''
 +
||[[Protozoa#Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Briefly summarise the life cycle of protozoa'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''The infectious sporozoite are released from the oocyst invading epithelial tissue'''''
 +
*'''''The nucleus of the sporozoites divides forming a schizont which contains merozoites (schizogony)'''''
 +
*'''''Schizont ruptures releasing merozoites which form micro and macrogamonts in the epithelial tissue (gametogeny)'''''
 +
*'''''Microgamonts penetrate the macrogamont forming the zygote'''''
 +
*'''''The zygote forms the oocyst which is passed in the faeces'''''
 +
*'''''Sporulation occurs which makes the oocyst infectious'''''
 +
||[[Protozoa#Example of a Protozoal Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
  
−
'''[[Giardia Flashcards]]
+
==<font color="purple">Coccidia</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the transmission and life cycle of ''Eimeria'' species?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Direct transmission'''''
 +
*'''''Faecal-oral route'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Eimeria|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the transmission and life cycle of ''Isospora'' species?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Usually direct transmission by the faecal-oral route'''''
 +
*'''''Some species use facultative intermediate hosts forming tissue cysts'''''
 +
**'''''Transmission is then by the faecal-oral or route or via ingestion of the intermediate host'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Isospora|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How long is the prepatent period of poultry ''Eimeria'' species?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''1 week'''''
 +
*'''''Sporulation takes 2-3 days'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Poultry|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Name the malabsorptive ''Eimeria'' species'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''E. maxima'''''
 +
*'''''E. acervulina'''''
 +
*'''''E. mitis'''''
 +
*'''''E. praecox'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Poultry|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Name the haemorrhagic ''Eimeria'' species'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''E. necatrix'''''
 +
*'''''E. brunetti'''''
 +
*'''''E. tenella'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Poultry|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which area of the gastrointestinal tract does ''E. acervulina, E. maxima'', E. tenella'' and ''E. necatrix'' affect and what kind of lesions are produced?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''E. acervulina affects the proximal gut forming white ladder lesions'''''
 +
*'''''E. maxima affects the mid-gut producing a pink exudate'''''
 +
*'''''E. tenella affects the ceaca forming a core of dark, haemorrhagic blood'''''
 +
*'''''E. necatrix affects the mid-gut forming salt and pepper leions'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Poultry|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the two main ''Eimeria'' species which affect cattle and what is the prepatent period?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''E. zuernii'''''
 +
*'''''E. bovis'''''
 +
*'''''2-3 week prepatent period'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Cattle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the two significant ''Eimeria'' species which affect sheep and what is the prepatent period?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''E. ovinoidalis'''''
 +
*'''''E. crandalis'''''
 +
*'''''2 week prepatent period'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Sheep|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the most significant species of ''Isospora'' which affects pigs and what the prepatent period?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''I. suis'''''
 +
*'''''1 week prepatent period'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Pigs|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which parts of the gastrointestinal tract do the ''Eimeria'' species which affects rabbits inhabit?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''2 inhabit the caecum'''''
 +
*'''''1 inhabits the bile duct epithelium (E. steidae)'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Rabbits|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
  
−
'''[[Piroplasmida Flashcards]]
+
==<font color="purple">Cryptosporidia</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the main species of ''Cryptosporidium'' which infects humans and domestic animals?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''C. parvum'''''
 +
||[[Cryptosporidium#Recognition|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: In ''Cryptosporidium'' infections unsporulated oocysts are passed in the faeces'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''False'''''
 +
*'''''Sporulated oocysts are passed in the faeces'''''
 +
||[[Cryptosporidium#Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How are ''Cryptosporidium'' infections passed between hosts?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Direct faecal-oral transmission'''''
 +
*'''''Water-bourne infections'''''
 +
*'''''Autoinfection can also occur'''''
 +
||[[Cryptosporidium#Epidemiology|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How are ''Cryptosporidium'' infections prevented?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Isolate and quarantine brought in calves'''''
 +
*'''''Good hygiene and adequate disinfection of calf pens'''''
 +
*'''''Goog hygiene of humans working and visiting farms'''''
 +
*'''''Halofuginone and other drug treatments'''''
 +
||[[Cryptosporidium#Control|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
  
−
'''[[Tissue Cyst Forming Coccidian Flashcards]]
+
==<font color="purple">Giardia</font>==
−
</big>
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the key points of the life cycle and prepatent period of ''Giardia''?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Simple life cycle'''''
 +
*'''''Direct life cycle'''''
 +
*'''''Reproduce by binary fission'''''
 +
*'''''5-6 day prepatent period'''''
 +
||[[Giardia#Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How do both people and animals become infected by ''Giardia''?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Water bourne transmission'''''
 +
*'''''Direct faecal-oral transmission'''''
 +
||[[Giardia#Epidemiology|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How would you diagnose a ''Giardia'' infection?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''The cysts are heavy and do not float well in saturated sodium chloride solution'''''
 +
*'''''Cysts excretion is intermittent so faeces need to be collected and sampled over 3 days'''''
 +
*'''''Cyst antigen can be detected in faeces by an immunoassay'''''
 +
||[[Giardia#Diagnosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
  
−
===Protozoa===
+
==<font color="purple">Piroplasmida</font>==
−
<FlashCard questions="3">
+
==<font color="purple">Tissue Cyst Forming Coccidia</font>==
−
|q1=What are the four different ways protozoa can move?
+
==<font color="purple">Tropical Protozoa</font>==
−
|a1=
+
==<font color="purple">Other Important Protozoa</font>==
−
*Cilia
 
−
*Flagellum
 
−
*Pseduopodia
 
−
*Gliding
 
−
|l1=Protozoa_Structure_and_Function
 
−
|q2=How do protozoa reproduce?
 
−
|a2=
 
−
*By binary fission
 
−
*By schizogony
 
−
*By sporogony
 
−
*By gametogeny
 
−
|l2=Protozoa_Life_Cycle
 
−
|q3=Briefly summarise the life cycle of protozoa
 
−
|a3=
 
−
*The infectious sporozoite are released from the oocyst invading epithelial tissue
 
−
*The nucleus of the sporozoites divides forming a schizont which contains merozoites (schizogony)
 
−
*Schizont ruptures releasing merozoites which form micro and macrogamonts in the epithelial tissue (gametogeny)
 
−
*Microgamonts penetrate the macrogamont forming the zygote
 
−
*The zygote forms the oocyst which is passed in the faeces
 
−
*Sporulation occurs which makes the oocyst infectious
 
−
|l3=Protozoa_Life_Cycle
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
−
 
 
−
===Tropical Protozoa===
 
−
<FlashCard questions="8">
 
−
|q1=What species transmits Leishmania?
 
−
|a1=
 
−
*Sandflies
 
−
*Phlebotomus spp. in the Old World
 
−
*Lutzomyia spp. in the New World
 
−
|l1=Leishmania
 
−
|q2=Which cells are ''Leishmania'' species intracellular parasites of?
 
−
|a2=Macrophages
 
−
|l2=Leishmania
 
−
|q3=What are the clinical signs of ''Leishmania'' infections?
 
−
|a3=
 
−
*Cutaneous form
 
−
**Ulcers on the lips, eyelids and pinnae of ears
 
−
*Visceral form
 
−
**Eczema
 
−
**Fever
 
−
**Generalised lympadenopathy
 
−
|l3=Leishmania
 
−
|q4=How can you treat and prevent ''Leishmania'' infections?
 
−
|a4=
 
−
*Chemotherapy
 
−
*Prevent sandflies biting dogs through collars containing insecticides
 
−
*Destruction of infected and stray dogs
 
−
|l4=Leishmania
 
−
|q5=Which diseases so ''Trypanosome'' species cause in cattle and in humans?
 
−
|a5=
 
−
*Nagana in cattle (wasting disease)
 
−
*Chagas disease in humans, armadillos and possums
 
−
*Sleeping sickness in humans
 
−
|l5=Trypanosoma
 
−
|q6=Fill in the missing words about ''trypanosoma'' infections?
 
−
<p>Salivarian ''trypanosome'' species multiply in the ??? and ??? of ???. This is also known as ??? development. Stercorian ''trypanosome'' species multiply in the ??? of ??? bugs, keds and ???. This is also known as ??? development.</p>
 
−
|a6=
 
−
*proboscis
 
−
*foregut
 
−
*Tsetse flies
 
−
*anterior station
 
−
*hindgut
 
−
*Triatomid
 
−
*tabanids
 
−
*posterior station
 
−
|l6=Trypanosoma
 
−
|q7=What are the general clinical signs of ''trypanosoma'' infections?
 
−
|a7=
 
−
*Anaemia
 
−
*Enlarged lymph nodes and spleen
 
−
*Degeneration and inflammation of multiple organs
 
−
*Loss of body condition
 
−
*Oedema of the limbs and genitalia in horses
 
−
*Myocarditis and corneal opacity in dogs and cats
 
−
|l7=Trypanosoma
 
−
|q8=How are ''trypanosoma'' infections diagnosed?
 
−
|a8=
 
−
*Giemsa stained smears
 
−
*Fresh blood films looking for motile trypanosomes
 
−
*Haematocrit tubes looking for motile trypanosomes at the buffy coat/plasma interface
 
−
|l8=Trypanosoma
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
−
 
 
−
===Other Important Protozoa===
 
−
<FlashCard questions="9">
 
−
|q1=What is ''Balantidium'' and where is it found?
 
−
|a1=
 
−
*Ciliate protozoan
 
−
*Commensal organism
 
−
*Found in the lumen of the large intestine of pigs and humans
 
−
|l1=Balantidium
 
−
|q2=How would you diagnose ''Cyclospora'' infections?
 
−
|a2=
 
−
*Faecal smear for oocysts
 
−
*Zeihl-Neelson stain positive
 
−
*Oocysts autoflouresce
 
−
|l2=Cyclospora
 
−
|q3=How can ''Entamoeba'' cause abcesses in the liver?
 
−
|a3=
 
−
*Erosion of the large intestine may allow the parasite to enter the bloodstream
 
−
*Once in the bloodstream the parasite can reach the liver and cause ascesses
 
−
|l3=Entamoeba
 
−
|q4=What disease does ''Histomonas meleagridis'' cause and in which species?
 
−
|a4=
 
−
*Causes Blackhead
 
−
*Affects turkeys
 
−
*Chickens are asymptomatic carriers
 
−
|l4=Histomonas
 
−
|q5=In which caecal nematode worm is ''H. meleagridis'' carried?
 
−
|a5=Heterakis gallinarum
 
−
|l5=Histomonas
 
−
|q6=What are the clinical signs of ''H. meleagridis'' infections?
 
−
|a6=
 
−
*Ante-mortem
 
−
**Cyanotic head and wattles
 
−
**Yellow droppings
 
−
*Post Mortem
 
−
**Necrotic mucosa in caecum
 
−
**1cm diameter circular lesions in the liver
 
−
|l6=Histomonas
 
−
|q7=What are the clinical signs of ''Microsporidia'' infections?
 
−
|a7=
 
−
*Head-tilt
 
−
*Incontinence
 
−
*Uveitis
 
−
*Cataracts
 
−
*But mostly asymptomatic
 
−
|l7=Microsporidia
 
−
|q8=How is ''Tritrichomonas foetus'' transmitted?
 
−
|a8=Venerally
 
−
|l8=Tritrichomonas foetus
 
−
|q9=Where is ''Tritrichomonas foetus'' found in cattle?
 
−
|a9=
 
−
*Uterus of cows
 
−
*Preputial cavity of bulls
 
−
|l9=Tritrichomonas foetus
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
−
[[Category:Protozoa]][[Category:Parasite Flashcards]]
 

Revision as of 17:29, 7 January 2009

Infectious agents and parasitesWikiBugs Banner.png
PROTOZOA
WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS


Toxoplasma gondii - Ke Hu and John Murray

Protozoa

Question Answer Article
What are the four different ways protozoa can move?
  • Cilia
  • Flagellum
  • Pseduopodia
  • Gliding
 Link to Answer Article
How do protozoa reproduce?
  • By binary fission
  • By schizogony
  • By sporogony
  • By gametogeny
 Link to Answer Article
Briefly summarise the life cycle of protozoa
  • The infectious sporozoite are released from the oocyst invading epithelial tissue
  • The nucleus of the sporozoites divides forming a schizont which contains merozoites (schizogony)
  • Schizont ruptures releasing merozoites which form micro and macrogamonts in the epithelial tissue (gametogeny)
  • Microgamonts penetrate the macrogamont forming the zygote
  • The zygote forms the oocyst which is passed in the faeces
  • Sporulation occurs which makes the oocyst infectious
 Link to Answer Article

Coccidia

Question Answer Article
What is the transmission and life cycle of Eimeria species?
  • Direct transmission
  • Faecal-oral route
 Link to Answer Article
What is the transmission and life cycle of Isospora species?
  • Usually direct transmission by the faecal-oral route
  • Some species use facultative intermediate hosts forming tissue cysts
    • Transmission is then by the faecal-oral or route or via ingestion of the intermediate host
 Link to Answer Article
How long is the prepatent period of poultry Eimeria species?
  • 1 week
  • Sporulation takes 2-3 days
 Link to Answer Article
Name the malabsorptive Eimeria species
  • E. maxima
  • E. acervulina
  • E. mitis
  • E. praecox
 Link to Answer Article
Name the haemorrhagic Eimeria species
  • E. necatrix
  • E. brunetti
  • E. tenella
 Link to Answer Article
Which area of the gastrointestinal tract does E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella and E. necatrix affect and what kind of lesions are produced?
  • E. acervulina affects the proximal gut forming white ladder lesions
  • E. maxima affects the mid-gut producing a pink exudate
  • E. tenella affects the ceaca forming a core of dark, haemorrhagic blood
  • E. necatrix affects the mid-gut forming salt and pepper leions
 Link to Answer Article
What are the two main Eimeria species which affect cattle and what is the prepatent period?
  • E. zuernii
  • E. bovis
  • 2-3 week prepatent period
 Link to Answer Article
What are the two significant Eimeria species which affect sheep and what is the prepatent period?
  • E. ovinoidalis
  • E. crandalis
  • 2 week prepatent period
 Link to Answer Article
What is the most significant species of Isospora which affects pigs and what the prepatent period?
  • I. suis
  • 1 week prepatent period
 Link to Answer Article
Which parts of the gastrointestinal tract do the Eimeria species which affects rabbits inhabit?
  • 2 inhabit the caecum
  • 1 inhabits the bile duct epithelium (E. steidae)
 Link to Answer Article

Cryptosporidia

Question Answer Article
What is the main species of Cryptosporidium which infects humans and domestic animals?
  • C. parvum
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: In Cryptosporidium infections unsporulated oocysts are passed in the faeces
  • False
  • Sporulated oocysts are passed in the faeces
 Link to Answer Article
How are Cryptosporidium infections passed between hosts?
  • Direct faecal-oral transmission
  • Water-bourne infections
  • Autoinfection can also occur
 Link to Answer Article
How are Cryptosporidium infections prevented?
  • Isolate and quarantine brought in calves
  • Good hygiene and adequate disinfection of calf pens
  • Goog hygiene of humans working and visiting farms
  • Halofuginone and other drug treatments
 Link to Answer Article

Giardia

Question Answer Article
What is the key points of the life cycle and prepatent period of Giardia?
  • Simple life cycle
  • Direct life cycle
  • Reproduce by binary fission
  • 5-6 day prepatent period
 Link to Answer Article
How do both people and animals become infected by Giardia?
  • Water bourne transmission
  • Direct faecal-oral transmission
 Link to Answer Article
How would you diagnose a Giardia infection?
  • The cysts are heavy and do not float well in saturated sodium chloride solution
  • Cysts excretion is intermittent so faeces need to be collected and sampled over 3 days
  • Cyst antigen can be detected in faeces by an immunoassay
 Link to Answer Article

Piroplasmida

Tissue Cyst Forming Coccidia

Tropical Protozoa

Other Important Protozoa

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