Difference between revisions of "Sarcoptic Mange"

Revision as of 22:33, 30 March 2010

Transmission

Puppy with sarcoptic mange - Wikimedia Commons

Close contact

Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another

Pathogenesis

Erythema with papule formation

Scale and crust formation
- Alopecia

Intense pruritus for 1 week
- Self-inflicted trauma
- Scab formation

Wrinkling and thickening of skin

Hypersensitivity may develop
- Rash develops

Sarcoptes scabiei

Causes scabies

Strains of S. scabiei can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish

Diagnosis

Skin scraping until capillary blood appears
- Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically

Place material on a microscope slide

Add 10% KOH

Warm slide over bunsen flame

Treatment

Acaricide
- For more information on acaricides click here

Treat both infected and in-contact animals

Older products have to be given in repeat treatments

Avermectins are effective in farm animals

Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs

In Dogs

In Cats

In Pigs

In Cattle

Sheep

Notifiable in UK

Lesions on hairy parts of face
- E.g. Face, ears, axillae and groin

Causes considerable hide damage in local African breeds of long haired sheep

Horses

Notifiable in UK

Lesions begin on head, neck and shoulders then spread to rest of body

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{OpenPagesTop}}
+==Transmission==
-Also known as: '''''Scabies'''''
+[[Image:Puppy sarcoptic mange.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Puppy with sarcoptic mange - Wikimedia Commons]]
+*Close contact
-== Introduction ==
+*Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another
-[[Image:Puppy sarcoptic mange.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<b>Puppy with sarcoptic mange</b> <br /> Caroldermoid 2006, Wikimedia Commons]]
-[[Image:Scabies human skin pruritus.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Scabies on human skin resulting in pruritus - Geary 2006,Wikimedia Commons]]
-Sarcoptic mange is a relatively common skin disease of dogs and other species, in the UK. It can affect animals of all ages, but may be most severe in puppies. It can also transfer to humans where it cannot burrow, but will cause a pruritic, erythrematous dermatitis.
-Transmission of the disease is by direct contact.
-The mite ''[[Sarcoptes|Sarcoptes scabiei]]'' is the cause. Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish.
+==Pathogenesis==
+*Erythema with papule formation
-The disease is common in the dog, rare in the cat and quite common in pigs, where the disease is also severe. In cattle, sheep and horses the disease is notifiable and rare.
+*Scale and crust formation
+**Alopecia
-Sarcoptic Mange is an important condition in pigs where 35% of pigs are asymptomatic carriers of the infection. Transmission is usually via direct contact from sow to piglets whilst suckling and from boars to gilts at service.
+*Intense pruritus for 1 week
+**Self-inflicted trauma
+**Scab formation
-== Clinical Signs ==
+*Wrinkling and thickening of skin
-The disease is characterised by erythema with papule formation, scale and crust formation, alopecia and intense pruritus for at least one week. This will often appear clinically as self-inflicted trauma wounds and scab formation.
+*[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Hypersensitivity]] may develop
+**Rash develops
-There will be a wrinkling and thickening of skin in the chronic cases too and [[Hypersensitivity - Introduction|hypersensitivity]] may develop.
-In the dog, clinical signs are characteristic with the first signs appearing at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows. It is intensely pruritic.
+''Sarcoptes scabiei''
+*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Scabies|scabies]]
-First signs of infestation in pigs appear on the ears before spreading to the rest of the body, which is the same as dogs.
+*Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish
-== Diagnosis ==
-Diagnosis can be made by the characteristic clinical signs. A deep skin scraping should be taken (skin scraping until capillary blood appears) then viewed under the microscope for identification of mites. Slides are prepared by placing material on a slide, adding 10% KOH and warming over a bunsen flame. Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically.
+==Diagnosis==
+*Skin scraping until capillary blood appears
+**Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically
-A '''serological test''' to determine the presence of anti-''Sarcoptes'' [[IgG]] is also available in dogs. This test is reported to have a sensitivity ranging between 83% and 92% and a specificity ranging between 89.5% and 92%.
+*Place material on a microscope slide
-== Treatment and Control==
+*Add 10% KOH
-An [[Ectoparasiticides|acaricide]] should be used to treat this infection.
+*Warm slide over bunsen flame
-Both infected and in-contact animals should be treated, older products have to be given in repeat treatments. Avermectins are effective in farm animals and Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs.
-All bedding and materials that have come into contact with the animal, e.g. the car, must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
+==Treatment==
+*Acaricide
+**For more information on acaricides click [[Ectoparasiticides|here]]
-Control for pigs includes treating sows before entering the farrowing pen and treating boars at 6 month intervals.
+*Treat both infected and in-contact animals
+*Older products have to be given in repeat treatments
-Also see: <big><b>[[Mites - Ferrets#Scabies|Scabies in Ferrets]]</b></big>
+*Avermectins are effective in farm animals
-{{Learning
+*Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs
-|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02359.asp Sarcoptic mange]
-|flashcards = [[Mites Flashcards|Mites Flashcards]]
-[[Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 11]]
+<big>
-}}
-== References ==
+'''[[Sarcoptic Mange - Dog|In Dogs]]
-Foster, A, and Foll, C. (2003) '''BSAVA small animal dermatology '''(second edition) ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association''
+'''[[Sarcoptic Mange - Cat|In Cats]]'''
-Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) '''Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ectoparasites''''' Royal Veterinary College ''
+'''[[Sarcoptic Mange - Pig|In Pigs]]'''
-Patel, A. (2008) '''Small animal dermatology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
+'''[[Sarcoptic Mange - Cattle|In Cattle]]'''
-Taylor, D.J. (2006) '''Pig Diseases '''(Eighth edition)'' St Edmunsdbury Press ltd''
+'''Sheep'''
+*'''Notifiable in UK'''
+*Lesions on hairy parts of face
+**E.g. Face, ears, axillae and groin
-{{review}}
+*Causes considerable hide damage in local African breeds of long haired sheep
-{{OpenPages}}
-[[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]][[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]
+'''Horses'''
-[[Category:Zoonoses]]
+*'''Notifiable in UK'''
+*Lesions begin on head, neck and shoulders then spread to rest of body[[Category:Parasites]][[Category:Mites]]

Difference between revisions of "Sarcoptic Mange"

Revision as of 22:33, 30 March 2010

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