Difference between revisions of "Sarcoptic Mange"

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Also known as: '''''Scabies'''''
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==Transmission==
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[[Image:Puppy sarcoptic mange.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Puppy with sarcoptic mange - Wikimedia Commons]]
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== Introduction ==
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*Close contact
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[[Image:Puppy sarcoptic mange.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<b>Puppy with sarcoptic mange</b> <br /> Caroldermoid 2006, Wikimedia Commons]]
 
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[[Image:Scabies human skin pruritus.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Scabies on human skin resulting in pruritus - Geary 2006,Wikimedia Commons]]
 
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Sarcoptic mange is a relatively common skin disease of dogs and other species, in the UK. It can affect animals of all ages, but may be most severe in puppies. It can also transfer to humans where it cannot burrow, but will cause a pruritic, erythrematous dermatitis.
 
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Transmission of the disease is by direct contact.
 
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The mite ''[[Sarcoptes|Sarcoptes scabiei]]'' is the cause. Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish.
 
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The disease is common in the dog, rare in the cat and quite common in pigs, where the disease is also severe. In cattle, sheep and horses the disease is notifiable and rare.
 
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Sarcoptic Mange is an important condition in pigs where 35% of pigs are asymptomatic carriers of the infection. Transmission is usually via direct contact from sow to piglets whilst suckling and from boars to gilts at service.
 
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== Clinical Signs ==
 
  
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The disease is characterised by erythema with papule formation, scale and crust formation, alopecia and intense pruritus for at least one week. This will often appear clinically as self-inflicted trauma wounds and scab formation.
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*Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another
  
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There will be a wrinkling and thickening of skin in the chronic cases too and [[Hypersensitivity - Introduction|hypersensitivity]] may develop.
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==Pathogenesis==
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*Erythema with papule formation
  
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In the dog, clinical signs are characteristic with the first signs appearing at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows. It is intensely pruritic.
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*Scale and crust formation
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**Alopecia
  
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First signs of infestation in pigs appear on the ears before spreading to the rest of the body, which is the same as dogs.
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*Intense pruritus for 1 week
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**Self-inflicted trauma
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**Scab formation
  
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== Diagnosis ==
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*Wrinkling and thickening of skin
  
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Diagnosis can be made by the characteristic clinical signs. A deep skin scraping should be taken (skin scraping until capillary blood appears) then viewed under the microscope for identification of mites. Slides are prepared by placing material on a slide, adding 10% KOH and warming over a bunsen flame. Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically.
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*[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|Hypersensitivity]] may develop
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**Rash develops
  
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A '''serological test''' to determine the presence of anti-''Sarcoptes'' [[IgG]] is also available in dogs. This test is reported to have a sensitivity ranging between 83% and 92% and a specificity ranging between 89.5% and 92%.
 
  
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== Treatment and Control==
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''Sarcoptes scabiei''
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*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Scabies|scabies]]
  
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An [[Ectoparasiticides|acaricide]] should be used to treat this infection.
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*Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish
  
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Both infected and in-contact animals should be treated, older products have to be given in repeat treatments. Avermectins are effective in farm animals and Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs.
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==Diagnosis==
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*Skin scraping until capillary blood appears
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**Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically
  
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All bedding and materials that have come into contact with the animal, e.g. the car, must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
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*Place material on a microscope slide
  
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Control for pigs includes treating sows before entering the farrowing pen and treating boars at 6 month intervals.
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*Add 10% KOH
  
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*Warm slide over bunsen flame
  
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Also see: <big><b>[[Mites - Ferrets#Scabies|Scabies in Ferrets]]</b></big>
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==Treatment==
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*Acaricide
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**For more information on acaricides click [[Ectoparasiticides|here]]
  
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{{Learning
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*Treat both infected and in-contact animals
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|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02359.asp Sarcoptic mange]
 
  
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|flashcards = [[Mites Flashcards|Mites Flashcards]]
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*Older products have to be given in repeat treatments
  
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[[Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 11]]
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*Avermectins are effective in farm animals
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}}
 
  
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== References ==
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*Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs
  
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Foster, A, and Foll, C. (2003) '''BSAVA small animal dermatology '''(second edition) ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association''
 
  
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Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) '''Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ectoparasites''''' Royal Veterinary College ''
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<big>
  
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Patel, A. (2008) '''Small animal dermatology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
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'''[[Sarcoptic Mange - Dog|In Dogs]]
  
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Taylor, D.J. (2006) '''Pig Diseases '''(Eighth edition)'' St Edmunsdbury Press ltd''  
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'''[[Sarcoptic Mange - Cat|In Cats]]'''
  
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'''[[Sarcoptic Mange - Pig|In Pigs]]'''
  
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'''[[Sarcoptic Mange - Cattle|In Cattle]]'''
  
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{{review}}
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'''[[Sarcoptic Mange - Sheep|In Sheep]]'''
  
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'''[[Sarcoptic Mange - Horse|In Horses]]'''
  
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[[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]][[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]
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[[Category:Parasites]][[Category:Mites]]
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[[Category:Zoonoses]]
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[[Category:Sarcoptic_Mange]]

Revision as of 22:47, 1 April 2010

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Transmission

Puppy with sarcoptic mange - Wikimedia Commons
  • Close contact
  • Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another

Pathogenesis

  • Erythema with papule formation
  • Scale and crust formation
    • Alopecia
  • Intense pruritus for 1 week
    • Self-inflicted trauma
    • Scab formation
  • Wrinkling and thickening of skin


Sarcoptes scabiei

  • Strains of S. scabiei can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish

Diagnosis

  • Skin scraping until capillary blood appears
    • Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically
  • Place material on a microscope slide
  • Add 10% KOH
  • Warm slide over bunsen flame

Treatment

  • Acaricide
    • For more information on acaricides click here
  • Treat both infected and in-contact animals
  • Older products have to be given in repeat treatments
  • Avermectins are effective in farm animals
  • Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs


In Dogs

In Cats

In Pigs

In Cattle

In Sheep

In Horses

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