Difference between revisions of "Psoroptes"

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{{OpenPagesTop}}
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*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Psoroptic mites|psoroptic skin infestation]]
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{{Taxobox
 
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|name              = Psoroptes
 
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|kingdom            = Animalia
 
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|phylum            = [[:Category:Arthropods|Arthropoda]]
 
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|class              = [[:Category:Arachnida|Arachnida]]
 
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|sub-class          = Acari
 
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|order              = Sarcoptiformes
 
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|super-family      =
 
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|family            = Psoroptidae
 
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|sub-family        =
 
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|genus              = Psoroptes
 
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|species            =
 
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}}
 
  
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''Psoroptes'' is an oval shaped, astigmatic, non-burrowing mite, causing [[Psoroptic Mange|psoroptic skin infestation]] in cattle, sheep, horses and rabbits.  The most common species of ''Psoroptes'' seen within the UK are ''[[Psoroptes ovis]]'', and ''[[Psoroptes cuniculi]]''.
 
  
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[[Image:Psoroptes cuniculi.jpg|150px|thumb|right|'''''Psoroptes cuniculi''''' (Copyright Joel Mills, Wikimedia Commons) ]]
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'''Recognition'''
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*Oval shaped
  
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==Identification==
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*Long legs
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''Psoroptes'' is an oval shaped, with legs longer than those seen in burrowing mites.
 
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The males have a pair of copulatory suckers.  It is of the family Psoroptidae.
 
  
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==Life cycle==
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*Funnel shaped suckers on '''segmented''' pedicels
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''Psoroptes'' are confined to the skin surface, and feed on serous exudate by a siphoning process.
 
  
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The Adult female is capable of laying up to 100 eggs during her life time, which is  usually just one month.  The duration of the life cycle is around 10 days, and consists of two nymphal stages.
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*1-2mm in length
  
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{{Learning
 
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|flashcards= [[Mites_Flashcards|Mites Flashcards]]
 
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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Psoroptes&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=37&y=8&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Psoroptes'' publications]
 
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|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=mite Mites]
 
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}}
 
  
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'''Life cycle'''
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*Confined to skin surface
  
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{{review}}
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*Feed on serous exudate by siphoning
  
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{{OpenPages}}
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*Adult female can lay up to 100 eggs during her life time (1 month)
  
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*10 day life cycle
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*2 nymphal stages
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[[Psoroptes cuniculi|''Psoroptes cuniculi'']]
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====''Psoroptes ovis''====
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*Adult females are large mites at 750μm in length
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*Males identified by copulatory suckers and paired posterior lobes
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*Males attach to deutonymphs (second moult after larval stage) in a process called '''copula'''
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**Males remain in copula until females moult for the last time
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**Copulation occurs
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*Life cycle last '''14 days'''
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*Transmitted by direct contact between sheep
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*Indirect transmission can also occur
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'''Pathogenesis'''
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*Economically important ectoparasite of sheep
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*Causes '''sheep scab'''
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**Wool loss, restlessness, biting, scratching of infested area and decreased productivity through decreased weight gain
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**Usually seen in '''late autumn''' and '''early winter''' (although may also occur in late summer)
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**Population numbers decline after shearing due to a change in the micro-climate, then build up again as the fleece grows
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**'''Notifiable in UK'''
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*Mites found under scabs and in skin folds
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*Lesions most common on flanks, neck, back and shoulders
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*Causes pruritic condition of cattle
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*Active in keratin layer
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*Mouthparts abrade the skin
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*Antigenic material in mite faeces can lead to hypersensitivity reactions
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'''Diagnosis'''
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*Skin scraping
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*KOH added
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*Warm slide over a bunsen flame
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*Examine under a microscope
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'''Treatment'''
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*Sheep
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**Plunge dipping; no less than 1 minute and must dip head at lease once
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**Can treat with avermectins or milbemycins by injection
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*Cattle, horses and rabbits
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**No licensed product for horses in the UK
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**Cattle and rabbits can be treated with avermectins, milbemycins or topical acaricides
 
[[Category:Non-Burrowing Mites]]
 
[[Category:Non-Burrowing Mites]]
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[[Category:Expert_Review]]
 

Revision as of 22:34, 5 April 2010


Recognition

  • Oval shaped
  • Long legs
  • Funnel shaped suckers on segmented pedicels
  • 1-2mm in length


Life cycle

  • Confined to skin surface
  • Feed on serous exudate by siphoning
  • Adult female can lay up to 100 eggs during her life time (1 month)
  • 10 day life cycle
  • 2 nymphal stages


Psoroptes cuniculi


Psoroptes ovis

  • Adult females are large mites at 750μm in length
  • Males identified by copulatory suckers and paired posterior lobes
  • Males attach to deutonymphs (second moult after larval stage) in a process called copula
    • Males remain in copula until females moult for the last time
    • Copulation occurs
  • Life cycle last 14 days
  • Transmitted by direct contact between sheep
  • Indirect transmission can also occur


Pathogenesis

  • Economically important ectoparasite of sheep
  • Causes sheep scab
    • Wool loss, restlessness, biting, scratching of infested area and decreased productivity through decreased weight gain
    • Usually seen in late autumn and early winter (although may also occur in late summer)
    • Population numbers decline after shearing due to a change in the micro-climate, then build up again as the fleece grows
    • Notifiable in UK
  • Mites found under scabs and in skin folds
  • Lesions most common on flanks, neck, back and shoulders
  • Causes pruritic condition of cattle
  • Active in keratin layer
  • Mouthparts abrade the skin
  • Antigenic material in mite faeces can lead to hypersensitivity reactions


Diagnosis

  • Skin scraping
  • KOH added
  • Warm slide over a bunsen flame
  • Examine under a microscope


Treatment

  • Sheep
    • Plunge dipping; no less than 1 minute and must dip head at lease once
    • Can treat with avermectins or milbemycins by injection
  • Cattle, horses and rabbits
    • No licensed product for horses in the UK
    • Cattle and rabbits can be treated with avermectins, milbemycins or topical acaricides
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