Difference between revisions of "Category:Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species"

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===''Burkholderia mallei''===
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===''[[Burkholderia mallei]]''===
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*Causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Glanders|glanders]], a contagious disease of ''Equidae''
 
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*Nodules and ulcers in respiratory tract and on skin
 
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*Largely eradicated but sporadic cases in Middle East, India, China
 
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*Pathogenesis:
 
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**Transmited by ingestion of food/water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected ''Equidae''; occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds
 
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**Organism invades nasopharyngeal mucosa and spreads to other tissues via lymphatics
 
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**Presence of ''B. mallei'' in host causes hypersensitivity reaction
 
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*Clinical infections:
 
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**Acute septicaemic form with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs; death within weeks
 
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**Chronic disease more common:
 
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***Nasal form: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]; ulcerative nodules develop on mucosa of nasal septum and lower part of turbinates; purulent blood-stained nasal discharge; regional lymphadenitis
 
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***Respiratory form: respiratory distress; granulomatous lesions throughout lungs
 
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***Cutaneous form (farcy): lymphangitis; nodules along lymphatic vesselsof limbs; ulcers develop and discharge pus
 
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***May die after several months or recover and shed organisms from respiratory tract or skin
 
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**Carnivores may contract disease by eating infected carcasses
 
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*Diagnosis:
 
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**Specimens include discharges from lesions and blood for serology
 
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**Grows on media containing 1% glycerol; most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar
 
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**Complement fixation and agglutination
 
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**Serology
 
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**Mallein test: mallein injected intradermally below lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation
 
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*Treatment/control:
 
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**Test and slaughter policy where disease exotic
 
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**Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor
 
  
 
===''Burkholderia pseudomallei===
 
===''Burkholderia pseudomallei===

Revision as of 19:42, 14 May 2010

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Overview

  • Organisms found in soil and water worldwide
  • Burkholderia mallei causes glanders; rodents act as reservoir of infection
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei causes meliodosis
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa, found on skin, mucous membranes and in faeces, causes opportunistic infections

Characteristics

  • Gram-negative rods
  • Obligate aerobes
  • Oxidase and catalase positive
  • Pseudomonas species and Burkholderia pseudomallei motile by polar flagellae
  • Burkholderia mallei non-motile


Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Burkholderia mallei

Burkholderia pseudomallei

  • Causes melioidosis - endemic in Asia and Australia
  • Primarily infects rodents
  • Pathogenesis:
    • Infection via ingestion, inhalation or skin wounds from environment
    • Exotoxin, dermonecrotic protease and lecithinase implicated in pathogenicity
    • Strain virulence and host immunosuppression important
  • Clinical infections:
    • Opportunistic infection with stress and immunosuppression predisposing to disease
    • Abscesses develop in many organs including lungs, spleen, liver, joints, CNS, upper respiratory tract
    • Chronic, debilitating, progressive disease with long incubation period
    • Many animal species susceptible
    • Referred to as pseudoglanders in horses
  • Diagnosis:
    • Specimens: pus from abscesses, affected tissues, blood
    • Fluorescent antibody technique on tissue smears
    • Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates, incubated aerobically
    • Colonies have musty smell
    • Lactose fermentation on MacConkey
    • Slide agglutination
    • ELISA, complement fixation and indirect haemagglutination tests for serum antibodies
  • Treatment/control: slaughter of infected animals where exotic

Pages in category "Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species"

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