Difference between revisions of "Category:Intestines - Proliferative Pathology"

Revision as of 19:36, 6 June 2010

Lymphoma occurs in both the small and large intestines.
Is a relatively common neoplasm of the cat and dog.
Causes a diffuse spread of neoplastic lymphocytes through the mucosa and the rest of the wall.
- Leads to malabsorption and therefore diarrhoea and the development of a protein losing enteropathy.

Perianal gland- normal (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)

* Affect the dog.

Arise from the solid, modified sebaceous circumanal glands.
Common in ageing entire males.

Perianal gland- adenoma (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)

Lesions range from hyperplasia to true adenomas (benign).
- These low grade lesions are under hormonal control.
  - Castration/ administation of oestrogens or anti-androgens causes reduction in size.
    
    Perianal adenoma- gross appearance (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)
Occasionally hepatoid carcinomas (malignant) arise in affected males
- Outwith hormonal control.
Hepatoid gland tumours occur rarely in bitches.
- Are commonly malignant.
Hepatoid glands are also found at the tail head, prepuce and occasionally other skin sites.
- Hepatoid tumours can also arise in these areas.

Apocrine glands are the true anal glands- not to be confused with the anal sacs or the perianal glands.
Much less common than intestinal adenocarcinoma.
Commoner in bitches than dogs.
Can be bilateral.
Consequences:
- May cause local problems.
- May metastasise.
- Often secrete a parahormone-like substance to cause paraneoplastic syndrome.
  - This can arise even when the primary tumour is very small.
  - Results in bone resorption and hypercalcaemia,
    - In turn can cause renal failure. which in turn can cause renal failure.

The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total.

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 == Adenocarcinoma ==
-* An '''intestinal adenocarcinoma''' is a malignancy of epithelial cells from the intestinal mucosa.
-* Found in both the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small]] and [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestines]]
-** Common in the canine [[Rectum - Anatomy & Physiology|rectum]].
-* Species affected:
-** Fairly common in dog and cat.
-** Seen related to bracken ingestion in the older sheep.
-** Occasionally occur in horses.
-* These tumours usually grow away from the mucosa, down through the muscularis mucosae and into the submucosa, muscular layers and the serosa.
-** They may, however, project into the lumen.
-* Intestinal adeocarcinomas may take an annular form.
-** This may result in stenosis of lumen
-*** Muscle proximal to the lesion becomes hypertrophied and dilated.
-* Spread may be
-*# Via the lympahtics.
-*#* To the lymph nodes, lung and [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]].
-*# Transcoelomic spread
-*#* Small, white plaques on serosa and adjacent tissues e.g. diaphragm.
 == Lymphoma ==