Difference between revisions of "Liver Flashcards - Pathology"
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| − | <FlashCard questions=" | + | {{toplink |
| + | |backcolour =BCED91 | ||
| + | |linkpage =Alimentary System - Pathology | ||
| + | |linktext =Alimentary System | ||
| + | |maplink = Alimentary System (Content Map) - Pathology | ||
| + | |pagetype =Pathology | ||
| + | |subtext1=ALIMENTARY FLASHCARDS | ||
| + | |sublink1=Alimentary Flashcards - Pathology | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | <FlashCard questions="21"> | ||
|q1=Liver lesions are common because: | |q1=Liver lesions are common because: | ||
| − | |a1= | + | |a1=it is an area of high metabolic activity<br>Receives toxic agents from the gut via the portal blood system<br>Has an extensive vascular supply (prime site for metastatic disease) |
|l1=Liver - General Pathology | |l1=Liver - General Pathology | ||
|q2=In each type of jaundice, will bilirubinuria be detected? | |q2=In each type of jaundice, will bilirubinuria be detected? | ||
| Line 7: | Line 16: | ||
* Obstructive | * Obstructive | ||
* Hepatocellular | * Hepatocellular | ||
| − | |a2= | + | |a2=NO - because most of bilirubin is unconjugated<br>YES - because conjugated bilirubin accumulates<br>NO - because bilirubin fails to conjugate due to liver cell damage<br>NB - the kidney can only excrete the water soluble conjugate |
|l2=Icterus | |l2=Icterus | ||
| − | |q3=In | + | |q3=In regards to secondary photosensitisation, what are two hepatotoxic plants? |
| − | |a3= | + | |a3=Senecio jacobea (Ragwort)<br>Lantana camara (Lantana)<br>Lupinus angustifolius (Lupins)<br>Blue-green algae |
|l3=Photosensitisation | |l3=Photosensitisation | ||
|q4=What are two causes of necrosis? | |q4=What are two causes of necrosis? | ||
| − | |a4= | + | |a4=severe metabolic disturbances<br>Nutritional deficiencies<br>Toxic substances<br>Actions of micro-organisms |
|l4=Liver Necrosis | |l4=Liver Necrosis | ||
|q5=What can cause the liver to appear greenish-blue post mortem? | |q5=What can cause the liver to appear greenish-blue post mortem? | ||
| − | |a5= | + | |a5=bacteria degrades blood pigment to hydrogen sulfide |
| − | |l5=Liver Post Mortem#Gross | + | |l5=Liver Post Mortem - Pathology#Gross |
|q6=True or false? | |q6=True or false? | ||
Cranial displacements of the liver are the most common. | Cranial displacements of the liver are the most common. | ||
| − | |a6= | + | |a6=false |
| − | |l6=Liver Displacement | + | |l6=Liver Developmental - Pathology#Displacement |
| − | |q7=What occurs during | + | |q7=What occurs during Congestion? |
|a7=The right side of the heart fails to function properly and blood will back up through the veins into the liver. | |a7=The right side of the heart fails to function properly and blood will back up through the veins into the liver. | ||
| − | |l7=Liver | + | |l7=Liver Circulatory Disturbances - Pathology#Passive congestion |
|q8=True or false? | |q8=True or false? | ||
Congenital melanosis in calves and lambs appears as white discoloration of small irregular portions of the liver. | Congenital melanosis in calves and lambs appears as white discoloration of small irregular portions of the liver. | ||
| − | |a8= | + | |a8=false |
| − | |l8=Liver Pigmentation#Congenital melanosis | + | |l8=Liver Pigmentation - Pathology#Congenital melanosis |
|q9=Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome is associated with? | |q9=Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome is associated with? | ||
|a9=Dietary factors: obesity and starvation<br>Increased demand for energy: pregnancy, lactation, and starvation in physiological states<br>Diabetes mellitus, ketosis, and pregnancy toxaemia in pathological conditions<br>Abnormal hepatocytic function: prevents fatty acids from forming complexes with proteins to form low density lipoproteins for secretion into the blood | |a9=Dietary factors: obesity and starvation<br>Increased demand for energy: pregnancy, lactation, and starvation in physiological states<br>Diabetes mellitus, ketosis, and pregnancy toxaemia in pathological conditions<br>Abnormal hepatocytic function: prevents fatty acids from forming complexes with proteins to form low density lipoproteins for secretion into the blood | ||
| − | |l9=Hepatic | + | |l9=Liver Degenerative - Pathology#Hepatic lipidosis - fatty liver syndrome |
|q10=What could be a non-pathological reason for a cow displaying fatty liver syndrome during necropsy? | |q10=What could be a non-pathological reason for a cow displaying fatty liver syndrome during necropsy? | ||
|a10=It is possible to show fat infiltration of liver in cows which have not been eating for several days. | |a10=It is possible to show fat infiltration of liver in cows which have not been eating for several days. | ||
| − | |l10= | + | |l10=Liver Degenerative - Pathology#Gross |
|q11=True or false? | |q11=True or false? | ||
Equine hyperlipidemia or fat pony syndrome is similar to that in cats, as well as fatal within a week. | Equine hyperlipidemia or fat pony syndrome is similar to that in cats, as well as fatal within a week. | ||
|a11=True | |a11=True | ||
| − | |l11= | + | |l11=Liver Degenerative - Pathology#Equine hyperlipidemia |
|q12=What causes Lysosomal storage disease and how does it manifest itself? | |q12=What causes Lysosomal storage disease and how does it manifest itself? | ||
|a12=Due to an inherited deficiency of lysosomal enzymes<br>Manifest themselves as neurological disease | |a12=Due to an inherited deficiency of lysosomal enzymes<br>Manifest themselves as neurological disease | ||
| − | |l12=Lysosomal | + | |l12=Liver Storage Diseases - Pathology#Lysosomal storage diseases |
| − | |q13=Herpes virus infections include | + | |q13=Herpes virus infections include - |
|a13=Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis<br>Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis<br>Feline Viral Rhinopneumonitis<br>Aujesky's disease in pigs | |a13=Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis<br>Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis<br>Feline Viral Rhinopneumonitis<br>Aujesky's disease in pigs | ||
| − | |l13= | + | |l13=Liver Inflammatory - Pathology#Herpes virus infections |
| − | |q14=You are examining a cow's liver | + | |q14=You are examining a cow's liver post-necropsy. You notice the liver has several small areas of necrosis. Is this more likely to be Black Disease or Red Water Disease? |
|a14=Black Disease | |a14=Black Disease | ||
| − | |l14=Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis | + | |l14=Liver Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (Black Disease) |
| − | |q15=What are the two main types of | + | |q15=What are the two main types of Hepatitis in cats? |
| − | |a15= | + | |a15=Cholangiohepatitis<br>Lymphocytic portal hepatitis |
| − | |l15= | + | |l15=Liver Inflammatory - Pathology#Hepatitis in cats |
|q16=True or false? | |q16=True or false? | ||
Use of carbon tetrachloride as an anthelmintic and phosphorous as a rodenticide has never been proven to produce liver necrosis. | Use of carbon tetrachloride as an anthelmintic and phosphorous as a rodenticide has never been proven to produce liver necrosis. | ||
|a16=False | |a16=False | ||
| − | |l16=Liver | + | |l16=Liver Toxic - Pathology#Acute hepatoxicity |
|q17=Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have an anti-mitotic effect whilst allowing continued synthesis within the cell and its nucleus. This causes a marked increase in the size of parenchymal cells, a phenomenon termed - | |q17=Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have an anti-mitotic effect whilst allowing continued synthesis within the cell and its nucleus. This causes a marked increase in the size of parenchymal cells, a phenomenon termed - | ||
| − | |a17= | + | |a17=megalocytosis |
| − | |l17=Ragwort | + | |l17=Liver Toxic - Pathology#Ragwort |
| − | |q18=Haemangiosarcoma can be primary in the liver, what are other predilection sites? | + | |q18=What are the two most common primary hepatic neoplasms? |
| − | | | + | |a18=Liver cell tumours<br>Malignant bile duct tumours |
| − | | | + | |l18=Liver Proliferative - Pathology#Primary tumours |
| − | | | + | |q19=Haemangiosarcoma can be primary in the liver, what are other predilection sites? |
| + | |a19=Spleen<br>Right auricle of the heart | ||
| + | |l19=Liver Proliferative - Pathology#Haemangiosarcoma | ||
| + | |q20=True or false? | ||
Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis generally afflicts only very young cats. | Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis generally afflicts only very young cats. | ||
| − | | | + | |a20=false |
| − | | | + | |l20=Liver Unknown Aetiology - Pathology#Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis |
| − | | | + | |q21=What are two causes of Cholangitis of the liver? |
| − | | | + | |a21=Ascending infections from the intestine<br>Associated with organisms excreted via the bile |
| − | | | + | |l21=Liver Biliary Tract - Pathology#Cholangitis |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
| − | |||
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Revision as of 22:26, 6 June 2010
|
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Liver lesions are common because: | it is an area of high metabolic activity Receives toxic agents from the gut via the portal blood system Has an extensive vascular supply (prime site for metastatic disease) |
Link to Article | |
In each type of jaundice, will bilirubinuria be detected?
|
NO - because most of bilirubin is unconjugated YES - because conjugated bilirubin accumulates NO - because bilirubin fails to conjugate due to liver cell damage NB - the kidney can only excrete the water soluble conjugate |
Link to Article | |
| In regards to secondary photosensitisation, what are two hepatotoxic plants? | Senecio jacobea (Ragwort) Lantana camara (Lantana) Lupinus angustifolius (Lupins) Blue-green algae |
Link to Article | |
| What are two causes of necrosis? | severe metabolic disturbances Nutritional deficiencies Toxic substances Actions of micro-organisms |
Link to Article | |
| What can cause the liver to appear greenish-blue post mortem? | bacteria degrades blood pigment to hydrogen sulfide
|
Link to Article | |
| True or false?
Cranial displacements of the liver are the most common. |
false
|
Link to Article | |
| What occurs during Congestion? | The right side of the heart fails to function properly and blood will back up through the veins into the liver.
|
Link to Article | |
| True or false?
Congenital melanosis in calves and lambs appears as white discoloration of small irregular portions of the liver. |
false
|
Link to Article | |
| Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome is associated with? | Dietary factors: obesity and starvation Increased demand for energy: pregnancy, lactation, and starvation in physiological states Diabetes mellitus, ketosis, and pregnancy toxaemia in pathological conditions Abnormal hepatocytic function: prevents fatty acids from forming complexes with proteins to form low density lipoproteins for secretion into the blood |
Link to Article | |
| What could be a non-pathological reason for a cow displaying fatty liver syndrome during necropsy? | It is possible to show fat infiltration of liver in cows which have not been eating for several days.
|
Link to Article | |
| True or false?
Equine hyperlipidemia or fat pony syndrome is similar to that in cats, as well as fatal within a week. |
True
|
Link to Article | |
| What causes Lysosomal storage disease and how does it manifest itself? | Due to an inherited deficiency of lysosomal enzymes Manifest themselves as neurological disease |
Link to Article | |
| Herpes virus infections include - | Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Feline Viral Rhinopneumonitis Aujesky's disease in pigs |
Link to Article | |
| You are examining a cow's liver post-necropsy. You notice the liver has several small areas of necrosis. Is this more likely to be Black Disease or Red Water Disease? | Black Disease
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the two main types of Hepatitis in cats? | Cholangiohepatitis Lymphocytic portal hepatitis |
Link to Article | |
| True or false?
Use of carbon tetrachloride as an anthelmintic and phosphorous as a rodenticide has never been proven to produce liver necrosis. |
False
|
Link to Article | |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have an anti-mitotic effect whilst allowing continued synthesis within the cell and its nucleus. This causes a marked increase in the size of parenchymal cells, a phenomenon termed - | megalocytosis
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the two most common primary hepatic neoplasms? | Liver cell tumours Malignant bile duct tumours |
Link to Article | |
| Haemangiosarcoma can be primary in the liver, what are other predilection sites? | Spleen Right auricle of the heart |
Link to Article | |
| True or false?
Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis generally afflicts only very young cats. |
false
|
Link to Article | |
| What are two causes of Cholangitis of the liver? | Ascending infections from the intestine Associated with organisms excreted via the bile |
Link to Article | |