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| Feline Parvovirus kills the stem cells of the villi. The villi tip cells turnover normally but are not being replaced, leading to stunted villi and malabsorption. | | Feline Parvovirus kills the stem cells of the villi. The villi tip cells turnover normally but are not being replaced, leading to stunted villi and malabsorption. |
− | Clinical signs include pyrexia, severe enteritis (often bloody), dehydration, leukopenia, anemia | + | Clinical signs include pyrexia, severe enteritis (often bloody), dehydration, leukopenia, anemia. |
− | Neonatal kittens less than 2 weeks show cerebellar hypoplasia | + | |
− | *Kittens more susceptible than cats
| + | Neonatal kittens less than 2 weeks show cerebellar hypoplasia. This leads to problems with coordination and balance. |
− | *Oral infection
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− | *Initial replication in pharyngeal lymphoid tissue
| + | The virus targets rapidly dividing cells: lymph nodes, bone marrow, crypts of small intestine. The breakdown of lymphoid tissue leads to a decreased white blood cell count, and destruction of lymphoid and myeloid stem cells. |
− | *Viremia
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− | *Virus targets rapidly dividing cells: lymph nodes, bone marrow, crypts of small intestine
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| ====Epidemiology==== | | ====Epidemiology==== |
− | *Infection by '''direct contact''' and '''fomites'''
| + | Infection may be via '''direct contact''' or by '''fomites'''. Subclinical infection may also occur. |
− | *Subclinical infections occur
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− | *Virus excretion can be persistent
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− | *'''Endemic worldwide'''
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| ====Diagnosis==== | | ====Diagnosis==== |
| *Clinical signs | | *Clinical signs |
| *Hematology: leukopenia | | *Hematology: leukopenia |
− | *Can be confirmed by haemagglutination (HA) or ELISA using feces
| + | 1. Analysis of faeces; use of an '''Elisa''' to detect the virus antigen or detecting the virus DNA, using a '''PCR''' (Polymerase chain reaction.) |
| + | 2. Evidence of exposure to virus - detect antibody to virus within the blood. |
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| ====Control==== | | ====Control==== |
− | *'''Inactivated [[vaccines]]''' are available and essential for boarding
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− | *Administered parenterally post-weaning to induce a systemic immune response to neutralize viremia
| + | Modified live and inactivated virus vaccines are avaliable, with boosters every 1-2 years required. |
− | *Annual booster
| + | One should also try to prevent exposure to kittens with feline panleukopenia. |
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| ==Parvovirus Enteritis== | | ==Parvovirus Enteritis== |
− | | + | Since a vaccine is available, this disease is now uncommon. |
− | * [[Parvoviridae|Parvovirus]] enteritis is also know as feline infectious enteritis or feline panleucopenia
| + | Over the last 10/15 years this has been seen primarily in the cat, but it is now also seen [[Canine Parvovirus|in the dog]]. |
− | * Since a vaccine is available, this disease is now uncommon.
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− | * Over the last 10/15 years this has been seen primarily in the cat, but it is now also seen [[Canine Parvovirus|in the dog]].
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| ===Clinical=== | | ===Clinical=== |