Difference between revisions of "Spleen - Pathology"
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− | # | + | {{review}} |
+ | |||
+ | {{toplink | ||
+ | |backcolour = f5fffa | ||
+ | |linkpage =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System - Pathology | ||
+ | |linktext =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System | ||
+ | |maplink = Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System (Content Map) - Pathology | ||
+ | |sublink1 =Secondary Lymphoid System - Pathology | ||
+ | |subtext1 =SECONDARY LYMPHOID SYSTEM | ||
+ | |pagetype =Pathology | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | ''NB:Be aware of age-related changes regarding the spleen'' | ||
+ | ==Splenic Lesions== | ||
+ | *splenomegaly is the main clinical finding associated with the spleen in disease | ||
+ | ===Splenitis=== | ||
+ | ===Anthrax=== | ||
+ | ===Torsion=== | ||
+ | ===Haemolytic Anaemia=== | ||
+ | ===Chronic Venous Congestion=== | ||
+ | *this may be seen along with chronic venous congestion of the liver in cases of chronic cardiac failure | ||
+ | ===Barbituates=== | ||
+ | * administration of barbituates can produce a degree of splenomegaly due to splenic engorgement by erythrocytes | ||
+ | ===Splenic Tumours=== | ||
+ | *these are important surgically since splenomegaly can be diagnoses clinically by palpation or X-ray and some are surgically curable | ||
+ | ====Hyperplastic Nodules or Benign Lymphoma==== | ||
+ | *very common incidental findings in older dogs | ||
+ | *should not be mistakenly identified as pathognomic lesions | ||
+ | *consist of nodules of hyperplastic white and red pulp | ||
+ | :- usually 1-2 cms in size, but occasionally may be larger | ||
+ | :- spherical | ||
+ | :- protrude hemispherically from the surface as yellow and red mottled nodules | ||
+ | *infrequently, may rupture and give rise to haemorrhage | ||
+ | ====Haemangioma==== | ||
+ | *benign tumour of dogs | ||
+ | *may grow to considerable size | ||
+ | :- the size of the lesion giving rise to clinical signs is compounded by haemorrhage from and into the tumour | ||
+ | :- thus, a large mass of apple size may be found protruding from the spleen and adherent to the omentum | ||
+ | *on section, it is largely blood clot | ||
+ | *responds well to surgery | ||
+ | :- therefore it must be distinguished from haemangiosarcoma | ||
+ | ====Haemangiosarcoma==== | ||
+ | *highly malignant tumour of dogs | ||
+ | *distinguished from the superficially similar haemangioma by the presence of much more formed, solid tumour tissue | ||
+ | *accurate prognosis demands histological examination | ||
+ | *secondaries are common locally in the [[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology#Omentum|omentum]] and in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] | ||
+ | :- course is usually short, often only a month or two | ||
+ | :- metastases may occur in almost every organ | ||
+ | ====Haematopoietic Neoplasms==== | ||
+ | =====lymphosarcoma===== | ||
+ | * splenomegaly occurs in multicentric lymphosarcoma | ||
+ | *splenic enlargement may be marked if any form of lymphosarcoma is in leukaemic phase | ||
+ | =====myeloid (granulocytic) leukaemia===== | ||
+ | *rare | ||
+ | *all species | ||
+ | *extreme form with spleen approaching liver size | ||
+ | =====systemic mastocytosis===== | ||
+ | *cat | ||
+ | *extreme form with spleen approaching liver size | ||
+ | ===Infarction=== | ||
+ | ===Rupture=== |
Revision as of 07:04, 23 July 2010
This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing. |
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NB:Be aware of age-related changes regarding the spleen
Splenic Lesions
- splenomegaly is the main clinical finding associated with the spleen in disease
Splenitis
Anthrax
Torsion
Haemolytic Anaemia
Chronic Venous Congestion
- this may be seen along with chronic venous congestion of the liver in cases of chronic cardiac failure
Barbituates
- administration of barbituates can produce a degree of splenomegaly due to splenic engorgement by erythrocytes
Splenic Tumours
- these are important surgically since splenomegaly can be diagnoses clinically by palpation or X-ray and some are surgically curable
Hyperplastic Nodules or Benign Lymphoma
- very common incidental findings in older dogs
- should not be mistakenly identified as pathognomic lesions
- consist of nodules of hyperplastic white and red pulp
- - usually 1-2 cms in size, but occasionally may be larger
- - spherical
- - protrude hemispherically from the surface as yellow and red mottled nodules
- infrequently, may rupture and give rise to haemorrhage
Haemangioma
- benign tumour of dogs
- may grow to considerable size
- - the size of the lesion giving rise to clinical signs is compounded by haemorrhage from and into the tumour
- - thus, a large mass of apple size may be found protruding from the spleen and adherent to the omentum
- on section, it is largely blood clot
- responds well to surgery
- - therefore it must be distinguished from haemangiosarcoma
Haemangiosarcoma
- highly malignant tumour of dogs
- distinguished from the superficially similar haemangioma by the presence of much more formed, solid tumour tissue
- accurate prognosis demands histological examination
- secondaries are common locally in the omentum and in the liver
- - course is usually short, often only a month or two
- - metastases may occur in almost every organ
Haematopoietic Neoplasms
lymphosarcoma
- splenomegaly occurs in multicentric lymphosarcoma
- splenic enlargement may be marked if any form of lymphosarcoma is in leukaemic phase
myeloid (granulocytic) leukaemia
- rare
- all species
- extreme form with spleen approaching liver size
systemic mastocytosis
- cat
- extreme form with spleen approaching liver size