Difference between revisions of "Dental Formula - Horse"

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{{OpenPagesTop}}
 
 
[[Image:Horse teeth.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Tooth identifation in the horse- copyright Academy of Equine Dentistry-2008]]
 
[[Image:Horse teeth.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Tooth identifation in the horse- copyright Academy of Equine Dentistry-2008]]
  
 
==Overview==
 
==Overview==
  
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The formula for '''deciduous''' teeth: 2 (I3/3 C0/0 P3/3)   
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The formula for deciduous teeth: 2 (I3/3 C0/0 P3/3)   
  
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The formula for '''permanent''' teeth: 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3-4/3 M3/3)   
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The formula for permanent teeth: 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3-4/3 M3/3)   
  
 
===Canines===
 
===Canines===
  
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The canines are '''rudimentary''' and in '''diastema'''. The size of the [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Root|root]] is proportionally larger than  the [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Crown|crown]].
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The canines are rudimentary and in diastema. The size of the [[Root - Anatomy & Physiology|root]] is proportionally larger than  the [[Crown|crown]].
  
 
===Molars===
 
===Molars===
 
[[Image:Horse Tooth.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Horse tooth - Copyright Malcom Morley]]
 
[[Image:Horse Tooth.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Horse tooth - Copyright Malcom Morley]]
  
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The molars have enlarged surfaces and higher [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Crown|crowns]]. They have delayed [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Root|root]] development and complicated folding of [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]].
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The molars have enlarged surfaces and higher [[Crown|crowns]]. They have delayed [[Root - Anatomy & Physiology|root]] development and complicated folding of [[Enamel|enamel]].
  
 
===Incisors===
 
===Incisors===
  
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Incisors have high [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Crown|crowns]] and folded [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] surfaces. Their [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Root|roots]] converge.
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*High [[Crown|crowns]]
  
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===Premolars===
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*Folded [[Enamel|enamel]] surfaces
  
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A horse's '''Wolf tooth''' (PM1) is often lacking. Molars and Premolars form a continuous surface. Premolars have a high rate of wear and continually erupt. The upper teeth are wider than the lower. There is no infundibulum in the lower teeth.
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*[[Root - Anatomy & Physiology|Roots]] converge
  
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The teeth from the second premolar caudally are referred to as cheek teeth.
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'''Premolars'''
  
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==Ageing==
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*Wolf tooth (PM1) often lacking
  
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Horses can be aged by their teeth. At 2 and a half the first permanent incisor will erupt; At 3 and a half the second permanent incisor will erupt and at 4 and a half the third permanent incisor will erupt. Over 5 years of age the folding of the enamel ring ('''infundibulum''') can indicate age. There is a 7 year hook and over 13 years of age a '''dental star''' will be present.
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*Molars and Premolars form a continuous surface
  
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The '''Galvayne's Groove''' is a brown groove on the upper corner incisor teeth and indicates that the horse is over 10 years old. At 15 the groove will be approximately half way down the tooth; At 20 the groove will run down the whole tooth; Over 20 the grove begins to disappear; At 25 the groove will only be visible on the bottom half of the tooth. At 30 the groove will usually be gone.
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*High rate of wear
  
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{{Template:Learning
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*Continually erupt
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|OVAM = [http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/equine-head-and-dentition-powerpoint PowerPoint covering the anatomy and physiology of the equine head and dentition, including the skeletal aspects, the physiology of mastication and it’s associated anatomy as well as common dental abnormalities.]
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}}
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*Upper teeth wider than lower
 +
 
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*No infundibulum in lower teeth
 +
 
 +
'''Ageing'''
 +
 
 +
*Horses can be aged by their teeth
 +
 
 +
*At 2 and a half the first permanent incisor will erupt
 +
 
 +
*At 3 and a half the second permanent incisor will erupt
 +
 
 +
*At 4 and a half the third permanent incisor will erupt
 +
 
 +
*Over 5 years of age the folding of the enamel ring (infundibulum) can indicate age
 +
 
 +
*7 year hook
 +
 
 +
*Over 13 years of age a dental star will be present
 +
 
 +
*The Galvayne's Groove is a brown groove on the upper corner incisor teeth and indicates that the horse is over 10 years old
 +
**At 15 the groove will be approximately half way down the tooth
 +
**At 20 the groove will run down the whole tooth
 +
**Over 20 the grove begins to disappear
 +
**At 25 the groove will only be visible on the bottom half of the tooth
 +
**At 30 the groove will usually be gone
  
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==Webinars==
 
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<rss max="10" highlight="equine">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/dentistry/webinars/feed</rss>
 
 
[[Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 
[[Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 
[[Category:Horse - Alimentary System]]
 
[[Category:Horse - Alimentary System]]
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[[Category:A&P Done]]
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[[Category:To Do - AimeeHicks]]

Revision as of 16:44, 7 September 2010

Tooth identifation in the horse- copyright Academy of Equine Dentistry-2008

Overview

The formula for deciduous teeth: 2 (I3/3 C0/0 P3/3)

The formula for permanent teeth: 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3-4/3 M3/3)

Canines

The canines are rudimentary and in diastema. The size of the root is proportionally larger than the crown.

Molars

Horse tooth - Copyright Malcom Morley

The molars have enlarged surfaces and higher crowns. They have delayed root development and complicated folding of enamel.

Incisors

Premolars

  • Wolf tooth (PM1) often lacking
  • Molars and Premolars form a continuous surface
  • High rate of wear
  • Continually erupt
  • Upper teeth wider than lower
  • No infundibulum in lower teeth

Ageing

  • Horses can be aged by their teeth
  • At 2 and a half the first permanent incisor will erupt
  • At 3 and a half the second permanent incisor will erupt
  • At 4 and a half the third permanent incisor will erupt
  • Over 5 years of age the folding of the enamel ring (infundibulum) can indicate age
  • 7 year hook
  • Over 13 years of age a dental star will be present
  • The Galvayne's Groove is a brown groove on the upper corner incisor teeth and indicates that the horse is over 10 years old
    • At 15 the groove will be approximately half way down the tooth
    • At 20 the groove will run down the whole tooth
    • Over 20 the grove begins to disappear
    • At 25 the groove will only be visible on the bottom half of the tooth
    • At 30 the groove will usually be gone
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