Difference between revisions of "Dermatophilosis"

Latest revision as of 18:43, 5 July 2012

Also known as: Cutaneous streptothrichosis

Introduction

This is a group of diseases affecting the epidermis caused by Dermatophilus congolensis. It causes a range of conditions in large animals including rain scald in horses and strawberry foot rot in sheep. The disease is associated with skin trauma, prolonged wetting or parasites. Lesions typically involve exudative dermatitis with scab formation. It is a zoonosis affecting humans in close contact with infected animals.

Signalment

Can be seen in animals of all ages but most commonly occurs in young animals who are chronically exposed to moisture. Affects horses, sheep, cattle, goats, pigs and rarely dogs and cats.

History and Clinical signs

Lesions commonly occur following heavy rainfall and commonly affects the dorsum of animals. Any previous trauma or damage to the skin can predispose to infection. Blood-sucking insects are also thought to be involved in transmission.

Equine dermatophilosis

Ovine dermatophilosis

Bovine dermatophilosis

Diagnosis

Diagnosis can often be made on history and physical exam. Impression smears can also be useful when stained with either gram stain or Giemsa and examined microscopically.

Additionally it is possible to culture material from the crusts however this can be difficult due to the slow growing nature of the pathogen.

Pathology

Grossly: Papules, pustules, crusts may coalesce and mat the coat.

Microscopically:

Hyperplastic superficial perivascular dermatitis
Multilaminated crusts, alternating keratin and inflammatory cell layers

Prognosis

Good if animals are kept dry. Often re-occurs in wet weather.

Dermatophilosis Learning Resources
Literature Search Search for recent publications via CAB Abstract (CABI log in required)	Dermatophilosis publications since 2000

References

Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition) Merial

4th year Veterinary Dermatology notes. Royal Veterinary college. October-November 2008. p60-64.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{unfinished}}
+{{OpenPagesTop}}
+Also known as: '''''Cutaneous streptothrichosis'''
-{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
+==Introduction==
-| Also known as:
+This is a group of diseases affecting the epidermis caused by  [[Dermatophilus congolensis|''Dermatophilus congolensis'']]. It causes a range of conditions in large animals including rain scald in horses and strawberry foot rot in sheep. The disease is associated with skin trauma, prolonged wetting or [[:Category:Integumentary System - Parasitic Infections| parasites]]. Lesions typically involve exudative dermatitis with scab formation. It is a zoonosis affecting humans in close contact with infected animals.
-| '''Cutaneous streptothrichosis'''<br> '''Lumpy wool''' - sheep<br>'''Strawberry foot rot''' - sheep
-|-
-|}
-==Description==
-This is a group of diseases affecting the epidermis caused by  [[Dermatophilus congolensis|''Dermatophilus congolensis'']]. It causes a range of conditions in large animals including rain scald in horses and strawberry foot rot in sheep. The disease is associated with skin trauma, prolonged wetting or [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Parasitic| parasites]]. Lesions typically involve exudative dermatitis with scab formation. It is a zoonosis affecting humans in close contact with infected animals.
 ==Signalment==
@@ Line 22: / Line 16: @@
 '''[[Dermatophilosis - Sheep|Ovine dermatophilosis]]
+'''[[Dermatophilosis - Cattle|Bovine dermatophilosis]]
 </big>
-===Bovine dermatophilosis===
-Also see <big>'''[[Dermatophilosis|General Dermatophilosis]]'''</big>
-[[Image: Dermatophilosis in cow.jpg|250px|thumb|right|<small><center>Dermatophilosis in a cow (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
-Is rarely reported but causes lesions which are distributed over the head, dorsum, neck and chest. Cattle that stand for long periods in deep water and mud develop lesions over the flexor surfaces of the joints. Dairy cows may develop lesions on the udder.
-Lesions may resolve within weeks if dry weather or prolonged wetting of infected areas can lead to secondary bacterial infection which can result in limb [[Oedema - Pathology|oedema]] and cellulitis.
-==Treatment==
-Farm animals:
-Bring affected animals into a dry environment. Investigate any underlying problems which may predispose to the infection.
-Antibiotics can be given intramuscularly and typically work following one dose. However if signs do not resolve a 5 day course should be administered. [[Penicillins|Penicillin]] and [[Aminoglycosides#streptomycin|streptomycin]] are good choices for this disease.
-Additionally Dips containing 0.2% Copper Sulphate or 0.5% Zinc sulphate can be effective.
 ==Diagnosis==
-Can often make a diagnosis on history and physical exam. Impression smears can also be useful when stained with either gram stain or Giemsa and examined microscopically.
+Diagnosis can often be made on history and physical exam. '''Impression smears''' can also be useful when stained with either gram stain or Giemsa and examined microscopically.
-Additionally it is possible to culture material from the crusts however this can be difficult due to the slow growing nature of the pathogen.
+Additionally it is possible to '''culture material from the crusts''' however this can be difficult due to the slow growing nature of the pathogen.
 ==Pathology==
-Grossly: [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Papules, pustules, crusts]] may coalesce and mat the coat.
+Grossly:
+Papules, pustules, crusts may coalesce and mat the coat.
 Microscopically:
-**Hyperplastic superficial perivascular dermatitis
+*Hyperplastic superficial perivascular dermatitis
-**Multilaminated crusts, alternating keratin and inflammatory cell layers
+*Multilaminated crusts, alternating keratin and inflammatory cell layers
 ==Prognosis==
 Good if animals are kept dry. Often re-occurs in wet weather.
+{{Learning
+|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=2&options2=OR&q2=dermatophilosis&occuring2=title&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=39&y=14 Dermatophilosis publications since 2000]
+}}
 ==References==
-Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition) Merial
+Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual''' (Eighth Edition) ''Merial''
 th year Veterinary Dermatology notes. Royal Veterinary college. October-November 2008. p60-64.
+{{review}}
+{{OpenPages}}
+[[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Goat]][[Category:Zoonoses]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Cat]]
+[[Category:Expert Review]]
+[[Category:Integumentary System - Bacterial Infections]]
-[[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]
-[[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Pig]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Goat]][[Category:Zoonoses]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Cat]]
-[[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]
-[[Category:Dermatological_Disorders_-_Horse]]