Difference between revisions of "Protozoa Flashcards"

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**'''''Transmission is then by the faecal-oral or route or via ingestion of the intermediate host'''''
 
**'''''Transmission is then by the faecal-oral or route or via ingestion of the intermediate host'''''
 
||[[Coccidia#Isospora|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
||[[Coccidia#Isospora|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How long is the prepatent period of poultry ''Eimeria'' species?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''1 week'''''
 +
*'''''Sporulation takes 2-3 days'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Poultry|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Name the malabsorptive ''Eimeria'' species'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''E. maxima'''''
 +
*'''''E. acervulina'''''
 +
*'''''E. mitis'''''
 +
*'''''E. praecox'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Poultry|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Name the haemorrhagic ''Eimeria'' species'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''E. necatrix'''''
 +
*'''''E. brunetti'''''
 +
*'''''E. tenella'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Poultry|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which area of the gastrointestinal tract does ''E. acervulina, E. maxima'', E. tenella'' and ''E. necatrix'' affect and what kind of lesions are produced?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''E. acervulina affects the proximal gut forming white ladder lesions'''''
 +
*'''''E. maxima affects the mid-gut producing a pink exudate'''''
 +
*'''''E. tenella affects the ceaca forming a core of dark, haemorrhagic blood'''''
 +
*'''''E. necatrix affects the mid-gut forming salt and pepper leions'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Poultry|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the two main ''Eimeria'' species which affect cattle and what is the prepatent period?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''E. zuernii'''''
 +
*'''''E. bovis'''''
 +
*'''''2-3 week prepatent period'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Cattle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the two significant ''Eimeria'' species which affect sheep and what is the prepatent period?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''E. ovinoidalis'''''
 +
*'''''E. crandalis'''''
 +
*'''''2 week prepatent period'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Sheep|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the most significant species of ''Isospora'' which affects pigs and what the prepatent period?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''I. suis'''''
 +
*'''''1 week prepatent period'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Pigs|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which parts of the gastrointestinal tract do the ''Eimeria'' species which affects rabbits inhabit?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''2 inhabit the caecum'''''
 +
*'''''1 inhabits the bile duct epithelium (E. steidae)'''''
 +
||[[Coccidia#Coccidia of Rabbits|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
|}
 
|}
  

Revision as of 17:29, 7 January 2009

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PROTOZOA
WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS


Toxoplasma gondii - Ke Hu and John Murray

Protozoa

Question Answer Article
What are the four different ways protozoa can move?
  • Cilia
  • Flagellum
  • Pseduopodia
  • Gliding
 Link to Answer Article
How do protozoa reproduce?
  • By binary fission
  • By schizogony
  • By sporogony
  • By gametogeny
 Link to Answer Article
Briefly summarise the life cycle of protozoa
  • The infectious sporozoite are released from the oocyst invading epithelial tissue
  • The nucleus of the sporozoites divides forming a schizont which contains merozoites (schizogony)
  • Schizont ruptures releasing merozoites which form micro and macrogamonts in the epithelial tissue (gametogeny)
  • Microgamonts penetrate the macrogamont forming the zygote
  • The zygote forms the oocyst which is passed in the faeces
  • Sporulation occurs which makes the oocyst infectious
 Link to Answer Article

Coccidia

Question Answer Article
What is the transmission and life cycle of Eimeria species?
  • Direct transmission
  • Faecal-oral route
 Link to Answer Article
What is the transmission and life cycle of Isospora species?
  • Usually direct transmission by the faecal-oral route
  • Some species use facultative intermediate hosts forming tissue cysts
    • Transmission is then by the faecal-oral or route or via ingestion of the intermediate host
 Link to Answer Article
How long is the prepatent period of poultry Eimeria species?
  • 1 week
  • Sporulation takes 2-3 days
 Link to Answer Article
Name the malabsorptive Eimeria species
  • E. maxima
  • E. acervulina
  • E. mitis
  • E. praecox
 Link to Answer Article
Name the haemorrhagic Eimeria species
  • E. necatrix
  • E. brunetti
  • E. tenella
 Link to Answer Article
Which area of the gastrointestinal tract does E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella and E. necatrix affect and what kind of lesions are produced?
  • E. acervulina affects the proximal gut forming white ladder lesions
  • E. maxima affects the mid-gut producing a pink exudate
  • E. tenella affects the ceaca forming a core of dark, haemorrhagic blood
  • E. necatrix affects the mid-gut forming salt and pepper leions
 Link to Answer Article
What are the two main Eimeria species which affect cattle and what is the prepatent period?
  • E. zuernii
  • E. bovis
  • 2-3 week prepatent period
 Link to Answer Article
What are the two significant Eimeria species which affect sheep and what is the prepatent period?
  • E. ovinoidalis
  • E. crandalis
  • 2 week prepatent period
 Link to Answer Article
What is the most significant species of Isospora which affects pigs and what the prepatent period?
  • I. suis
  • 1 week prepatent period
 Link to Answer Article
Which parts of the gastrointestinal tract do the Eimeria species which affects rabbits inhabit?
  • 2 inhabit the caecum
  • 1 inhabits the bile duct epithelium (E. steidae)
 Link to Answer Article

Cryptosporidia

Question Answer Article
What is the main species of Cryptosporidium which infects humans and domestic animals?
  • C. parvum
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: In Cryptosporidium infections unsporulated oocysts are passed in the faeces
  • False
  • Sporulated oocysts are passed in the faeces
 Link to Answer Article
How are Cryptosporidium infections passed between hosts?
  • Direct faecal-oral transmission
  • Water-bourne infections
  • Autoinfection can also occur
 Link to Answer Article
How are Cryptosporidium infections prevented?
  • Isolate and quarantine brought in calves
  • Good hygiene and adequate disinfection of calf pens
  • Goog hygiene of humans working and visiting farms
  • Halofuginone and other drug treatments
 Link to Answer Article

Giardia

Question Answer Article
What is the key points of the life cycle and prepatent period of Giardia?
  • Simple life cycle
  • Direct life cycle
  • Reproduce by binary fission
  • 5-6 day prepatent period
 Link to Answer Article
How do both people and animals become infected by Giardia?
  • Water bourne transmission
  • Direct faecal-oral transmission
 Link to Answer Article
How would you diagnose a Giardia infection?
  • The cysts are heavy and do not float well in saturated sodium chloride solution
  • Cysts excretion is intermittent so faeces need to be collected and sampled over 3 days
  • Cyst antigen can be detected in faeces by an immunoassay
 Link to Answer Article

Piroplasmida

Tissue Cyst Forming Coccidia

Tropical Protozoa

Other Important Protozoa

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