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| | |pagetitle =Corynebacterium species | | |pagetitle =Corynebacterium species |
| − | |pagebody = | + | |pagebody =The ''Corynebacterium'' are small, tough, Gram positive rods. They are common inhabitants of the skin and mucous membranes of animals and cause pyogenic, opportunistic infections. |
| | |contenttitle =Content | | |contenttitle =Content |
| | |contentbody =<big><b> | | |contentbody =<big><b> |
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| − | ===Overview===
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| − | *Common inhabitants of skin and mucous membranes of animals
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| − | *Opportunistic infections
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| − | *Cause pyogenic infections
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| − | *Most species host specific
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| − | ===Characteristics===
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| − | *Small, tough, Gram positive rods
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| − | *Pleomorphic
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| − | *Cluster together to resemble Chinese characters - coryneform morphology
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| − | *Known as diphtheroids
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| − | *Catalase positive, oxidase negative
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| − | *Facultative anaerobes
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| − | *Require enriched media for growth
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| − | *Non-motile
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| − | ===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
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| − | *Pyogenic causing suppurative infections except for ''C. bovis''
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| − | *''C. pseudotuberculosis'':
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| − | **Facultative intracellular pathogen inside macrophages
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| − | **Cell wall lipid
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| − | **Produces a phospholipase toxin which hydolyses sphingomyelin in mammalian cell membranes
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| − | **Phospholipase may enhance survival and multiplication in host in early stages
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| − | *''C. renale''
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| − | **Urinary tract pathogens
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| − | **Produce urease and hydrolyse urea
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| − | **Possess fimbriae for attachment to urogenital mucosa
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| − | **Infection when immunity reduced or following tissue damage during parturition
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| − | ===Diagnosis===
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| − | *Samples include pus, exudate, affected tissues and urine
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| − | *Presence of coryneform organisms in smears
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| − | *Culture on blood agar, selective blood agar and MacConkey agar
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| − | *Do not grow on MacConkey
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| − | *Colony characteristics:
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| − | **''C. bovis'': lipophilic bacterium; small, white, dry, non-haemolytic colonies on plates inoculated with bovine milk
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| − | **''C. kutscheri'': white colonies; occasionally haemolytic
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| − | **''C. pseudotuberculosis'': small, white coloniess surrounded by narrow zone of complete haemolysis; colonies become dry and cream-coloured
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| − | **''C. renale'': small, non-haemolytic colonies after 24 hours; pigment produced after 48 hours
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| − | *Biochemical reactions:
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| − | **Certain strains of ''C. pseudotuberculosis'' reduce nitrates
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| − | **All pathogenic strains except ''C. bovis'' produce urease
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| − | *Enhancement of haemolysis produced by ''C. pseudotuberculosis'' when inoculated across a streak of ''Rhodococcus equi''
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| | [[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]] | | [[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]] |
| | [[Category:Rods]] | | [[Category:Rods]] |
| − | [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]] | + | |
| | + | [[Category:To_Do_-_AimeeHicks]] |