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==Description==
==Description==
==Prevalence==
Racehorses 80-100%
Show horses 60%
Ponies 78%
Endurance 67%
==Signalment==
==Signalment==
Foals and young horses in training
==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==
NOT associated with ''Helicobacter pylori'' and not typically associated with ''Gasterophilus''
==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
Housing, stress, boredom, training, diet
Feeding practices:
*Grain and pelleted feed asssociated with increased serum gastrin (Smyth et al 1988)
*Eating behaviour (grazing vs feeds)
*Feed constituents (alfalfa)
*Individual variability
Exercise and training
*Strenuous exercise stimulates gastrin release which has effects on HCL secretion, gastric emptying, gastric blood flow
==Clinical syndrome==
==Clinical syndrome==
Often asymptomatic, may see:
*Poor appetite
*Dullness
*Change in attitude
*Reduced performance
*Reluctance to train
*Poor condition
*Weight loss
*Diarrhoea
*Low-grade colic
*Excessive recumbency
*Bruxism (in foals only)
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Definitive diagnosis requires gastroscopy (cannot do in foals as need to starve prior to exam)
==Laboratory tests==
==Laboratory tests==
No known laboratory markers, attempts to detect occult blood in faeces unreliable in horse
==Endoscopy==
==Endoscopy==
Minimum endoscope length of two metres and 2.8-3.0 metre instruments are reuired for duodenoscopy
Foals - lesions mainly in glandular epithelium
Adults - margo plicatus and squamous epithelium
==Pathology==
==Pathology==
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Proton pump inhibitors: only omeprazole (Gastroguard) is licensed for horses. Given PO once daily (4mg/kg) for 3-4 wks, most effective drug at controlling HCl secretion (decreases basal and stimulated release)
Histamine H2 receptor antagonists:
*ranitidine 7mg/kg TID for 3-4wks
*cimetidine 25mg/kg QID for 3-4wks
Gastric protectants: sucralfate 10-20mg/kg TID for 2-4wks
Antacids: magnesium and aluminium hydroxides (NOT recommended as have massive rebound effect)
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
==Prevention==
==Prevention==
Gastroguard at lower dose (1mg/kg) daily for 3-4wks
==References==
==References==
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