Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis

Canine Infecious tracheobronchitis

Also known as:

'Kennel Cough 'Canine respiratory disease complex

Description

A highly contagious acute respiratory disease involving larngitis, tracheitis and bronchitis. Multiple agents are implicated in the disease includingCanine Adenovirus 2,Canine herpes virusCanine Parainfluenza - 2,Canine Distemper Virus and Bordetella bronchoseptica.

References

• Synonyms: Kennel cough, Infectious tracheobronchitis
• tracheitis, bronchitis
• Multiple agents implicated:

• Symptoms are of a persistent, non-productive cough
• Persistent tracheobronchial inflammation
• The outcomes is generally recovery (may persist >3 weeks), but extension to chronic bronchitis or cranioventral bronchopneumonia may occur
• In severe cases can extend to serous/mucopurulent rhinitis
• Lesions are neither specific nor always significant (catarrhal / mucopurulent tracheobronchitis)
• Enlarged tonsils and retropharyngeal lymph nodes

• B. bronchiseptica acts as a primary pathogen in Infectious canine tracheitis
• Frequently isolated from dogs with respiratory disease
• Often found with viruses or mycoplasma
• Adheres to ciliated epithelial cells in the trachea
• Colonisation and proliferation in trachea
• Releases toxins causing epithelial necrosis and prevents ciliary clearance
• Irritation to tract causes coughing
• Mortality rates low
• Peribronchial inflammation and bronchopneumonia

can result in unvaccinated puppies or immunosuppressed dogs

• Severe pneumonia following secondary infection e.g. with Streptococci
• Fatal bronchopneumonia if occurs secondary to canine distemper virus
• Transmission via respiratory secretions by direct contact or aerosol and on fomites
• Clinical signs:
  • Develop within 3-4 days; persist for up to 2 weeks
  • Coughing
  • Gagging
  • Mild serous oculonasal discharge
• Treatments includes antibiotics if coughing persists or bronchopneumonia develops
• Live intranasal vaccines
• Also found in respiratory tract of cats; can cause pneumonia in kittens; vaccine available