Sheep Medicine Q&A 10

This question was provided by Manson Publishing as part of the OVAL Project. See more [[:Category:{{{book}}}|{{{book}}}]].

A white-faced sheep grazing a new grass ley presents with swollen oedematous head and ears. Clinical examination reveals lacrimation, and sensitive erythematous non-pigmented skin with oozing of serum. The rectal temperature is normal.

Question	Answer		Article
What conditions would you consider? (Most likely first)	The most likely conditions to consider include: photosensitization bighead (Clostridium chauveoi infection) dog bite to the face or similar wound/cellulitis bluetongue		[[|Link to Article]]
What are the possible causes?	Photosensitization is most evident in animals with nonpigmented skin. Primary photosensitization results when an ingested photodynamic agent in the animal’s body (hypericin from St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) is often quoted) is exposed to ultraviolet light causing fluorescence and death of cells in the skin. The cell necrosis and dermatitis is characteristically most severe in nonpigmented skin. Secondary (hepatogenous) photosensitization results from the liver’s inability to excrete phylloerythrin, a breakdown product of chlorophyll. In New Zealand facial eczema is caused by ingestion of the hepatotoxin, sporidesmin, produced by the saprophytic fungus Pithomyces chartarum.		[[|Link to Article]]
What treatment would you administer?	Treatment includes removing the source of photosensitizing agent if identifiable and protecting the animal from direct sunlight by housing. Parenteral corticosteroids are indicated in the acute erythematous stage of photosensitization to reduce oedema/inflammation. Topical emollients and antimicrobials may help soften and protect the skin. Systemic antibiotics are indicated in cases of a secondary bacterial dermatitis.		[[|Link to Article]]
What control measures would you introduce?	In the absence of recognized plant species, primary photosensitization occurs sporadically and there are no specific control measures.		[[|Link to Article]]