Protozoa Flashcards

Toxoplasma gondii - Ke Hu and John Murray

Protozoa

Question	Answer	Article
What are the four different ways protozoa can move?	Cilia Flagellum Pseduopodia Gliding	Link to Answer Article
How do protozoa reproduce?	By binary fission By schizogony By sporogony By gametogeny	Link to Answer Article
Briefly summarise the life cycle of protozoa	The infectious sporozoite are released from the oocyst invading epithelial tissue The nucleus of the sporozoites divides forming a schizont which contains merozoites (schizogony) Schizont ruptures releasing merozoites which form micro and macrogamonts in the epithelial tissue (gametogeny) Microgamonts penetrate the macrogamont forming the zygote The zygote forms the oocyst which is passed in the faeces Sporulation occurs which makes the oocyst infectious	Link to Answer Article

Question	Answer	Article
*What is the transmission and life cycle of Eimeria* species?**	Direct transmission Faecal-oral route	Link to Answer Article
*What is the transmission and life cycle of Isospora* species?**	Usually direct transmission by the faecal-oral route Some species use facultative intermediate hosts forming tissue cysts Transmission is then by the faecal-oral or route or via ingestion of the intermediate host	Link to Answer Article

Question	Answer	Article
*What is the main species of Cryptosporidium* which infects humans and domestic animals?**	C. parvum	Link to Answer Article
*True or False: In Cryptosporidium* infections unsporulated oocysts are passed in the faeces**	False Sporulated oocysts are passed in the faeces	Link to Answer Article
*How are Cryptosporidium* infections passed between hosts?**	Direct faecal-oral transmission Water-bourne infections Autoinfection can also occur	Link to Answer Article
*How are Cryptosporidium* infections prevented?**	Isolate and quarantine brought in calves Good hygiene and adequate disinfection of calf pens Goog hygiene of humans working and visiting farms Halofuginone and other drug treatments	Link to Answer Article

Question	Answer	Article
*What is the key points of the life cycle and prepatent period of Giardia?*	Simple life cycle Direct life cycle Reproduce by binary fission 5-6 day prepatent period	Link to Answer Article
*How do both people and animals become infected by Giardia?*	Water bourne transmission Direct faecal-oral transmission	Link to Answer Article
*How would you diagnose a Giardia* infection?**	The cysts are heavy and do not float well in saturated sodium chloride solution Cysts excretion is intermittent so faeces need to be collected and sampled over 3 days Cyst antigen can be detected in faeces by an immunoassay	Link to Answer Article