Changes

[[Image:Pancreatic Beta Cell.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pancreatic Beta Cell - Copywright RVC 2008]]

[[Image:Pancreatic Beta Cell.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pancreatic Beta Cell - Copywright RVC 2008]]

[[Image:Insulin Secretion Pattern.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Insulin Secretion Pattern - Copywright RVC 2008]]

[[Image:Insulin Secretion Pattern.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Insulin Secretion Pattern - Copywright RVC 2008]]

*Insulin is stimulated under conditions of hyperglycaemia and inhibited under conditions of hypoglycaemia.

*Insulin secretion is stimulated under conditions of hyperglycaemia and inhibited under conditions of hypoglycaemia.

*It has an ''anabolic'' effect on energy sources.

*It has an ''anabolic'' effect on energy sources.

*It is a small polypeptide consisting of two chains; A and B; which are linked by disulphide bonds.

*It is a small polypeptide consisting of two chains; A and B; which are linked by disulphide bonds.

**GLUT 2, which only operate at high glucose concentrations, are present in the plasma membranes of β cells.

**GLUT 2, which only operate at high glucose concentrations, are present in the plasma membranes of β cells.

**After a meal, glucose concentrations in the blood rise and glucose is taken into the cell.

**After a meal, glucose concentrations in the blood rise and glucose is taken into the cell.

**Glucose is metabolised inside β cell which produces ATP.

**Glucose is metabolised inside the β cell which produces ATP.

**ATP inhibits potassium channels which depolarises the plasma membrane.

**ATP inhibits potassium channels which depolarises the plasma membrane.

**Depolarisation causes calcium signalling, which stimulates insulin to be released.

**Depolarisation causes calcium signalling, which stimulates insulin to be released.

*Increased glucose levels inside the cell increases the rate of glyogenesis and an increase in the rate of production of triacylglycerides.

*Increased glucose levels inside the cell increases the rate of glyogenesis and an increase in the rate of production of triacylglycerides.

*There is an increase in basal metabolic rate in other tissues.

*There is an increase in basal metabolic rate in other tissues.

*Insulin regulates the

**Insulin regulates the reaction in glycolysis where PEP is converted into pyruvate. This reaction is regulated by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. Insulin '''activates''' this enzyme by ''dephosphorylation'' via protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). This increases metabolism.

==Vasculature==

==Vasculature==