Parts of a Contour Feather: 1. Vane 2. Rachis 3. Barb 4. Afterfeather 5. Calamus
Feathers are one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage of birds. They are the outstanding characteristic that distinguishes the Class Aves from all other living groups.
Structure & Function
Principal functions:
- Flight
- Insulation
- Waterproofing
Additional functions
- Courtship displays
- Defence
Cryptic colouring (camouflage)
Colour mimicking
Dominance/subdominance conflicts
- Aggressive territorial behaviour
In most birds, the body is divided into areas that contain feather tracts, pterylae and areas that do not, apteriae. The location and the number of tracts varies between species. By originating from tracts rather than being randomly distributed, feathers can smoothly overlap and conform to the natural contours of the body. By laying feathers over apteriae, air can be trapped beneath, providing insulation.
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