Difference between revisions of "Angiostrongylus vasorum"

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{{unfinished}}
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{{OpenPagesTop}}
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{{Taxobox
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|name              =''Angiostrongylus vasorum
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|kingdom            =Animalia
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|phylum            =[[:Category:Nematodes|Nematoda]]
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|class              =Secernentea
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|sub-class          =
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|order              =Strongylida
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|super-family      =[[:Category:Metastrongyloidea|Metastrongyloidea]]
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|family            =[[:Category:Angiostrongylidae|Angiostrongylidae]]
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|sub-family        =
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|genus              =Angiostrongylus
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|species            ='''''A. vasorum'''''
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}}
  
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{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
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Also known as: '''''Haemostrongylus vasorum
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| Also known as:
 
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| '''Haemostrongylus vasorum
 
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|-
 
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|}
 
  
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===Scientific Classification===
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==Hosts==
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'''Definitive host''': Dogs and foxes.
  
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{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" 
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'''Intermediate host''': Mainly snails and slugs.
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| Kingdom
 
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| Animalia
 
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|-
 
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| Phylum
 
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| Nematoda
 
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|-
 
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| Class
 
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| Secernentea
 
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|-
 
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| Order
 
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| Strongylida
 
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|-
 
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| Family
 
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| Metastrongylidae
 
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|-
 
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| Genus
 
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| Angiostrongylus
 
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|-
 
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| Species
 
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| '''A. vasorum'''
 
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|}
 
  
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It exists mainly in Western Europe - not established in the USA.
  
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==Identification==
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''Angiostrongylus vasorum'' is a parasite of the family [[Angiostrongylidae]].  The adults are slender, and measure around 2cm in length.  The males have a small bursa.
  
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*Infects dogs and foxes.
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==Life Cycle==
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*A typical metastrongyloid, with the adult worms living in the pulmonary arteries and the right side of the heart.
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The adults are ovo-viviparous. The adults lay eggs in the pulmonary arteries.  The eggs then hatch in the capillaries.  The first stage larvae migrate into the alveoli and then the trachea.  They are swallowed, enter the intestinal system and are then passed in the faeces.  The intermediate host then becomes infected, which later infects the definitive host.
  
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==== Life-Cycle ====
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The larvae then develop in the definitive host, and migrate via the mesenteric lymph nodes, and the blood where they affect the heart, primarily the right ventricle.
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Adults (approximately 2cm), produce anticoagulants to reduce thrombus formation leading to coagulation disorders:
 
  
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→ eggs laid into pulmonary arteries
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Adults establish within the pulmonary arterial tree and can lead to pulmonary thrombosis  and pulmonary hypertension. The clinical disease is '''[[Angiostrongylosis]]'''.
  
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→ trapped in lung capillaries
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{{Learning
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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Angiostrongylus+vasorum%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=57&y=11&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Angiostrongylus vasorum'' publications]
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|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=nematode Nematodes]
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}}
  
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→ larvae (with merastrongyloid kinky tail) hatch out
 
  
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→ alveoli (causing a small injury)
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{{review}}
  
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→ trachea
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{{OpenPages}}
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[[Category:Angiostrongylidae]][[Category:Dog_Nematodes]]
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→ swallowed
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[[Category:Expert_Review]]
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→ passed in faeces
 
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→ slug (intermediate host)
 
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→ eaten by dog or fox (final hosts)
 
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→ larvae migrate via mesenteric lymph nodes
 
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→ blood stream
 
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→ heart.
 
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==== Epidemiology ====
 
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Once restricted to Southern Ireland and Cornwall, this lungworm is spreading across the British Isles and is now endemic in the South-East. The fox may act as a reservoir of infection.
 
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=== Angiostrongylosis ===
 
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*Clinical signs of angiostrongylosis are associated with:
 
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**accumulating lung damage caused by eggs and larvae (respiratory distress)
 
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**coagulation disorders caused by adult worms (bruising, haematomas, e.g. in spinal cord)
 
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*Diagnosis: demonstration of large numbers of L1 in faeces (with Barmann technique).
 
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=== Treatment of Lungworms in Dogs and Cats ===
 
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*''Angiostrongylus vasorum'' is easy to treat with suitable anthelmintics, but the others require high daily doses of benzimidazoles for 3-7days.
 
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*Two or more courses of treatment may be necessary (with a rest period between each).
 
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*Adult worms live in the [[Lungs Circulatory - Pathology|pulmonary arteries]] and '''right side of the heart''' dogs and foxes
 
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*Cause a proliferative endoarteritis
 
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*More severe damage is caused however by eggs lodging in arterioles and capillaries
 
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*In severe infection, this can result in [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] and [[Lungs Circulatory - Pathology#Pulmonary oedema|pulmonary oedema]] as an acute syndrome
 
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*Circulatory impedance can result in congestive cardiac failure
 
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*Particularly a problem if dogs eats snails
 
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*Gross:
 
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**Patchy white appearance with haemorrhagic areas within
 
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*Microscopically:
 
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**Golden pigment within macrophages (haemosiderin)
 
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**Inflammation and scarring of alveolar walls -> enlargement of remaining air spaces
 
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*Worms secrete anticoagulant -> haemorrhage in other parts of body
 
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*May present as neurological cases due to the haemorrhage
 
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*May cause [[Lungs Circulatory - Pathology#Embolism, thrombosis and infarction|pulmonary thromboembolism]]
 
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[[Category:Metastrongyloidea]][[Category:Dog_Nematodes]][[Category:To_Do_-_Max]]
 

Latest revision as of 17:44, 4 June 2016


Angiostrongylus vasorum
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Nematoda
Class Secernentea
Order Strongylida
Super-family Metastrongyloidea
Family Angiostrongylidae
Genus Angiostrongylus
Species A. vasorum

Also known as: Haemostrongylus vasorum

Hosts

Definitive host: Dogs and foxes.

Intermediate host: Mainly snails and slugs.

It exists mainly in Western Europe - not established in the USA.

Identification

Angiostrongylus vasorum is a parasite of the family Angiostrongylidae. The adults are slender, and measure around 2cm in length. The males have a small bursa.

Life Cycle

The adults are ovo-viviparous. The adults lay eggs in the pulmonary arteries. The eggs then hatch in the capillaries. The first stage larvae migrate into the alveoli and then the trachea. They are swallowed, enter the intestinal system and are then passed in the faeces. The intermediate host then becomes infected, which later infects the definitive host.

The larvae then develop in the definitive host, and migrate via the mesenteric lymph nodes, and the blood where they affect the heart, primarily the right ventricle.

Adults establish within the pulmonary arterial tree and can lead to pulmonary thrombosis and pulmonary hypertension. The clinical disease is Angiostrongylosis.


Angiostrongylus vasorum Learning Resources
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Literature Search
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