Difference between revisions of "Bovine Parainfluenza - 3"

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m (Text replace - "[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology" to "[[Rhinitis")
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*On its own causes [[Rhinitis#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]  
 
*On its own causes [[Rhinitis#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]  
 
*Often part of multi-aetiology disease complex (e.g. [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]), often followed by [[:Category:Pasteurella and Mannheimia species|''Pasteurella sp.'']] obscuring viral origin
 
*Often part of multi-aetiology disease complex (e.g. [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]), often followed by [[:Category:Pasteurella and Mannheimia species|''Pasteurella sp.'']] obscuring viral origin
*Replicates in airway epithelial cells and results in an initial [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchitis -> bronchiolitis]] -> extension into [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|alveoli]], causing [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchointerstitial pneumonia|bronchointerstitial pneumonia]]  
+
*Replicates in airway epithelial cells and results in an initial [[Bronchitis#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchitis -> bronchiolitis]] -> extension into [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|alveoli]], causing [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchointerstitial pneumonia|bronchointerstitial pneumonia]]  
 
*Early stages may show [[Cellular Inclusions|intracytoplasmic inclusions]]
 
*Early stages may show [[Cellular Inclusions|intracytoplasmic inclusions]]
 
*The resulting exudate is predominantly neutrophilic
 
*The resulting exudate is predominantly neutrophilic

Revision as of 16:12, 19 February 2011



PI3

Pathogenesis

  • Virulence varies with isolates
  • Cessation of ciliary clearance and epithelial necrosis predisposes to secondary bacterial infections -> cough
  • May cause rhinitis of cattle

Diagnosis

  • Diseased lung tissue from dead animals or centrifuged cells from lung lavage
  • Virus is too fragile for cell culture isolation (often inactivated in transport)
  • Antigen detection by immunocytochemistry for intracytoplasmic viral inclusions containing labelled viral protein
  • Serology: 4-fold rise in ELISA antibody in paired serum samples from several animals

Control

  • Improve managemental factors
  • All-in, all-out systems
  • Some vaccination
    • Temperature sensitive mutant that replicates at 34oC but not at 37oC
    • Re-infection is common

Secondary Concerns

  • With other agents causes calf pneumonia
  • Associated with poor management:
    • Overcrowding
    • Poor ventilation
    • High humidity
    • Deprivation of colostrum
    • Stress caused by transport or mixing of stock