Difference between revisions of "Category:Bordetella species"

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|pagebody =The ''Bordetella'' species are Gram negative rods. They are normal inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract, although can cause repsiratory diseases including rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis.
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===Overview===
 
 
*[[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']] infects a wide range of animal species worldwide
 
*[[Bordetella avium|''B. avium'']] resticted to birds
 
*Normal inhabitants of upper respiratory tract
 
*Cause repsiratory diseases including rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis
 
*Exogenous or endogenous infection
 
*Poor survival in the environment
 
*Transmission between animals
 
*Young animals particularly susceptible
 
*Predisposing factors include stress and concurrent infections
 
*High morbidity; low mortality
 
 
 
===Characteristics===
 
 
*Gram negative rods
 
*Strict aerobes
 
*Grow slowly
 
*Catalase and oxidase positive
 
*Non-lactose fermentors
 
*Grow on MacConkey agar
 
*Toxigenic strains agglutinate mammalian red blood cells
 
*Identical S form LPS in all strains of [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']] - 1 diagnostic antigen
 
*[[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']] haemolytic, whereas [[Bordetella avium|''B. avium'']] not
 
*Affinity for ciliated respiratory epithelium
 
 
 
===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
 
 
*Use pathogenicity factors such as filamentous haemagglutanin (only [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']]), fimbriae and pertactin to adhere to ciliated respiratory epithelium
 
*Produce toxins:
 
**Adenylate cyclase (leucocyte toxin - kills phagocytes) (only ''B. bronchiseptica'')
 
**Tracheal cytotoxin (inhibits DNA synthesis in ciliated cells) 
 
**Dermonecrotic toxin
 
*Pathogenicity factors activated by environment and genetic changes
 
*Regulatory locus, BvgAS, mediates the activation
 
*Phase variation: genetic switch of Bvg locus allows transciption of pathogenicity factors
 
*Phenotypic modulation: temperature, magnesium ions and nicotinic acid affect expression of pathogenicity factors
 
*Bvg positive allows expression of pathogenicity factors and toxins and colonisation
 
*Bvg negative may allow survival in the environment with production of flagellae
 
*Mucosal IgA prevent attachment of bacteria to cilia, but clearance from the respiratory tract may take weeks
 
*Carrier animals are a source of infection
 
 
 
===Diagnosis===
 
  
*Samples include nasal swabs, tracheal aspirates and exudates
 
*Cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar
 
*Biochemical profiles
 
*Slide agglutination tests for virulence of isolates
 
  
  
 
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[[Category:Bacterial Organisms]]
 
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[[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]]
 
 
[[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]]
 
 
[[Category:Rods]]
 
[[Category:Rods]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_AimeeHicks]]
 

Latest revision as of 15:08, 14 December 2010

Bordetella species

The Bordetella species are Gram negative rods. They are normal inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract, although can cause repsiratory diseases including rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis.

Pages in category "Bordetella species"

The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total.