Equine Viral Encephalitis
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Also known as: Equine viral encephalomyelitis, Equine viral encephalitides and Equine viral encephalomyelitides
Description
Viral diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of equidae causing encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Most commonly involves Equine Togaviral Encephalitis.
Aetiology
Infection with any of the following viruses can cause CNS disease in horses:
Family Bornaviridae, Genus Bornavirus
- Borna Disease Virus
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Bunyamweravirus
- Cache Valley Virus
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Orthobunyavirus
- California Encephalitis viruses [1]
- Snowshoe Hare Virus
- Jamestown Canyon Virus
- Main Drain Virus
Family Flaviviridae, Genus Flavivirus
- Japanese Encephalitis Virus
- Kunjin Virus
- Louping Ill Virus
- Murray Valley Virus
- Powassan virus
- St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
- West Nile Virus (WNV) **
Family Paramyxoviridae, Genus Henipavirus
Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus Lyssavirus
- Rabies Virus
Family Reoviridae, Genus Orbivirus
- Equine Encephalosis Virus
Family Togaviridae, Genus Alphavirus
- Aura Virus
- Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEV) **
- Western EEV **
- Venezuelan EEV **
- Highlands J Virus
- Getah Virus
- Semliki Forest Virus
- Ross River Virus
- Una Virus
Other viruses implicated in equine encephalitis:
- Maguari Virus[2]
Legislation
Diseases caused by some of the viruses listed above (**) are subject to The Infectious Diseases of Horses Order 1987. "The Order, which revoked and replaced earlier legislation, makes these diseases compulsorily notifiable: it gives an inspector powers to declare an infected place where disease is suspected; to carry out a veterinary inquiry, prohibits the movement of horses carcases and other things onto or off the premises and requires cleansing and disinfection". Council Directive 90/426 describes all cases of equine encephalomyelitis (regardless of cause) as compulsorily notifiable to the EU.[3]
References
- ↑ Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) Equine Internal Medicine (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 12.
- ↑ Calisher, C.H, Monath, T.P, Sabattini, M.S, Mitchell, C.J, Lazuick, J.S, Tesh, R.B, Cropp, C.B (1987) A newly recognised vesiculovirus, Calchaqui virus, and subtypes of Melao and Maguari viruses from Argentina, with serologic evidence for infections of humans and horses, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 36:114-119. In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) Equine Internal Medicine (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 12.
- ↑ http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/viralenceph/index.htm