Difference between revisions of "Glanders"

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**Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor
 
**Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor
  
[[Category:Horse]]
+
 
 
[[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]]
 
[[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_lizzyk]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_lizzyk]]
 +
[[Category:Respiratory_Disorders_-_Horse]]

Revision as of 11:55, 29 July 2010

  • Largely eradicated but sporadic cases in Middle East, India, China
  • Pathogenesis:
    • Transmited by ingestion of food/water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected Equidae; occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds
    • Organism invades nasopharyngeal mucosa and spreads to other tissues via lymphatics
    • Presence of B. mallei in host causes hypersensitivity reaction
  • Clinical infections:
    • Acute septicaemic form with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs; death within weeks
    • Chronic disease more common:
      • Nasal form: rhinitis; ulcerative nodules develop on mucosa of nasal septum and lower part of turbinates; purulent blood-stained nasal discharge; regional lymphadenitis
      • Respiratory form: respiratory distress; granulomatous lesions throughout lungs
      • Cutaneous form (farcy): lymphangitis; nodules along lymphatic vesselsof limbs; ulcers develop and discharge pus
      • May die after several months or recover and shed organisms from respiratory tract or skin
    • Carnivores may contract disease by eating infected carcasses
  • Diagnosis:
    • Specimens include discharges from lesions and blood for serology
    • Grows on media containing 1% glycerol; most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar
    • Complement fixation and agglutination
    • Serology
    • Mallein test: mallein injected intradermally below lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation
  • Treatment/control:
    • Test and slaughter policy where disease exotic
    • Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor