Difference between revisions of "Omasum - Anatomy & Physiology"

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{{OpenPagesTop}}
|backcolour =BCED91
 
|linkpage =Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology
 
|linktext =Alimentary System
 
|maplink = Alimentary (Concept Map)- Anatomy & Physiology
 
|pagetype =Anatomy
 
|subtext1=STOMACH AND ABOMASUM
 
|sublik1=Stomach and Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology
 
}}
 
<br>
 
 
==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
  
The omasum is the third chamber in the ruminant stomach. It lies within the intrathoracic part of the abdomen so cannot be palpated manually. Instead it is examined by ausculation.
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The omasum is the third chamber in the ruminant stomach. It lies within the intrathoracic part of the abdomen so cannot be palpated manually. Instead it is examined by ausculation. The omasum has biphasic contractions which squeeze fluid out of the food before allowing the ingesta to continue into the [[Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasum]]. Absorption of [[Volatile Fatty Acids|volatile fatty acids]] continues in the omasum.
 
 
The omasum has biphasic contractions which squeeze fluid out of the food before allowing the ingesta to continue into the [[The Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasum]].
 
 
 
Absorption of [[Volatile Fatty Acids - Anatomy & Physioogy|volatile fatty acids]] continues in the omasum.
 
  
 
==Structure==
 
==Structure==
 
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[[Image:Omasum Anatomy Sheep.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Omasum Anatomy (Sheep) - Copyright RVC 2008]]
[[Image:Omasum Anatomy Sheep.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Omasum Anatomy (Sheep) - Copyright RVC 2008]]
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The omasum is right of the midline. The [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|Rumen]] and [[Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]] are located to the left and the liver and body wall to the right. The omasum is covered by lesser omentum and is bilaterally flattened. It is located at ribs 8-11. The lower pole has an extensive connection to the fundic region of the [[Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasum]]. The '''omasal canal''' is formed between the end of the '''laminae''' and the '''omasal groove''', part of the '''gastric groove''' between the cardia and the pyloric sphincter. The omasal canal passes between the [[Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]] and the [[Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasum]].  Its mucosa is smooth except for particularly large papillae around the reticulo-omasal opening. The omaso-abomasal opening is a large and oval, partly covered by overhanging abomasal folds.
*Right of the midline
 
 
 
*[[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|Rumen]] and [[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]] to the left, liver and body wall to the right
 
 
 
*Covered by lesser omentum
 
 
 
*Bilaterally flattened
 
 
 
*Ribs 8-11
 
 
 
*Lower pole has an extensive connection to fundic region of the [[The Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasum]]
 
 
 
*Omasal canal present
 
**Known as the omasal groove
 
**Floor smooth except for low ridges and projections around the upper opening
 
 
 
*Opening to the [[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]] at the cranial end of the omasal canal
 
 
 
*Opening to the [[The Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasum]] at the caudal end of the omasal canal. It is a large oval opening, partly covered by overhanging abomasal folds.
 
 
 
  
 
==Function==
 
==Function==
  
*Absorption
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A function of the omasum is absorption. Food enters omasum at second biphasic reticular contraction. The omasum itself has biphasic contractions. The first contraction expels fluid by squeezing the ingesta from the omasal canal between the lamellae. The second contraction expels solids by mass contraction of the omasum. Contractions are slower than the rumenoreticular contractions (see [[Rumination|rumination]]). Food is squeezed between lamellae.
 
 
*Food enters omasum at second biphasic reticular contraction
 
 
 
*Biphasic contractions
 
 
 
*First contraction expels fluid by squeezing the ingesta from the omasal canal between the lamellae
 
 
 
*Second contraction expels solids by mass contraction of the omasum
 
 
 
*Contractions are slower than the rumenoreticular contractions (see [[Rumination - Anatomy & Physiology|rumination]])
 
 
 
*Food squeezed between lamellae
 
 
 
  
 
==Vasculature==
 
==Vasculature==
  
*Cranial mesenteric artery
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The blood supply to the omasum includes the '''cranial mesenteric artery''', the '''left gastric''' and the '''left gastroepiploic arteries'''.
 
 
*Caudal mesenteric artery
 
 
 
*Left gastric and left gastroepiploic arteries
 
  
 
==Innervation==
 
==Innervation==
  
*Dorsal vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]) (most important)
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The omasum is innervated by the '''dorsal vagus nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]) (most important) and the '''ventral vagus nerve'''.
 
 
*Ventral vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]])
 
  
 
==Lymphatics==
 
==Lymphatics==
  
*Numerous small lymph nodes are scattered in the omasal curvatures
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There are numerous small lymph nodes that are scattered in the omasal curvatures. The lymph drains to larger atrial nodes between the cardia and the omasum, then to the cistera chyli.
 
 
*The lymph drains to larger atrial nodes between the cardia and the omasum, then to the cistera chyli
 
 
 
  
 
==Histology==
 
==Histology==
  
[[Image:Omasum Histology Sheep.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Omasum Histology (Sheep) - Copyright RVC 2008]]
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[[Image:Omasum Histology Sheep.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Omasum Histology (Sheep) - Copyright RVC 2008]]
*Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
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The omasum has a '''keratinised stratified squamous epithelium'''. It is firm in texture and can vary in size. '''Lamellae''' thrown into leaves divide the lumen into narrow and uniform recesses. It contains no glands.
 
 
*Lamellae thrown into leaves
 
**Different sizes
 
**Divides the lumen into narrow and uniform recesses
 
 
 
*Firm
 
 
 
*No glands
 
 
 
*Papillae
 
**Most small and lenticular
 
**Some large and [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology#Types of Papillae|conical]]
 
 
 
*Cicrular tunica muscularis extends into papillae of long laminae
 
 
 
*Lamina muscualris extends into papillae encircling tunica muscularis
 
 
 
*3 smooth muscle layers in papillae so they are very motile
 
  
 +
The '''papillae''' of the omasum are mostly small and lenticular, although some can be large and [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology#Types of Papillae|conical]]. The '''circular tunica muscularis''' extends into papillae of long laminae and the '''lamina muscualris''' extends into papillae encircling the '''tunica muscularis'''. The omasum has 3 smooth muscle layers in the papillae therefore they are very motile.
  
 
==Species Differences==
 
==Species Differences==
  
 
===Small Ruminant===
 
===Small Ruminant===
*Smaller omasum
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The small ruminants have a smaller omasum, which is bean shaped.
 
 
*Omasum is bean shaped
 
  
 
===Bovine===
 
===Bovine===
*Lower pole of omasum contacts the the abdominal floor below the costal arch
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The lower pole of the omasum contacts the abdominal floor below the costal arch.
  
 
==Links==
 
==Links==
  
[[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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'''Click here for information on [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]]'''
  
[[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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'''Click here for information on [[Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]]'''
  
[[The Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|The Abomasum- Anatomy & Physiology]]
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'''Click here for information on [[Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|abomasum]]'''
  
[[The Stomachs of the Ruminant - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards#The Omasum|The Omasum Flashcards]]
 
  
'''Video'''
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{{Template:Learning
 
+
|flashcards = [[Omasum Flashcards]]
[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Anatomy/bovine/Pot0052.mp4 Pot 52 Lateral view of the Abdomen of a young Ruminant]  
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|videos = [[Video: Bovine omasum potcast|Bovine omasum potcast]]<br>[[Video: Ovine omasum and abomasum potcast|Ovine omasum and abomasum potcast]]<br>[[Video: Sections of the interior of the complex ruminant stomach potcast|Sections of the interior of the complex ruminant stomach potcast]]<br>[[Video: Ruminant forestomach structure dissection|Ruminant forestomach structure dissection]]
 
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|powerpoints = [[Ruminant Gastrointestinal Tract Histology resource|Histology of the ruminant gastrointestinal tract]]  
[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Anatomy/bovine/pot0175.mp4 Pot 175 Sections of the Ruminant Stomach]
+
}}
 
 
[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Anatomy/ovine/Pot0047.mp4 Pot 47 Ovine Omasum and Abomasum]
 
  
[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Frean/sheep/LeftSideTopography.mp4 Left sided topography of the Ovine Abdomen and Thorax]
 
  
[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Frean/sheep/RightSideTopography.mp4 Right sided topography of the Ovine Abdomen]
+
==Webinars==
 +
<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/gastroenterology-and-nutrition/webinars/feed</rss>
  
[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Frean/sheep/RuminantStomachStructure.mp4 Structure of the ruminant forestomachs]
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[[Category:Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 +
[[Category:A&P Done]]
 +
[[Category:Alimentary Anatomy - Cattle]]

Latest revision as of 14:46, 25 November 2022


Introduction

The omasum is the third chamber in the ruminant stomach. It lies within the intrathoracic part of the abdomen so cannot be palpated manually. Instead it is examined by ausculation. The omasum has biphasic contractions which squeeze fluid out of the food before allowing the ingesta to continue into the abomasum. Absorption of volatile fatty acids continues in the omasum.

Structure

Omasum Anatomy (Sheep) - Copyright RVC 2008

The omasum is right of the midline. The Rumen and reticulum are located to the left and the liver and body wall to the right. The omasum is covered by lesser omentum and is bilaterally flattened. It is located at ribs 8-11. The lower pole has an extensive connection to the fundic region of the abomasum. The omasal canal is formed between the end of the laminae and the omasal groove, part of the gastric groove between the cardia and the pyloric sphincter. The omasal canal passes between the reticulum and the abomasum. Its mucosa is smooth except for particularly large papillae around the reticulo-omasal opening. The omaso-abomasal opening is a large and oval, partly covered by overhanging abomasal folds.

Function

A function of the omasum is absorption. Food enters omasum at second biphasic reticular contraction. The omasum itself has biphasic contractions. The first contraction expels fluid by squeezing the ingesta from the omasal canal between the lamellae. The second contraction expels solids by mass contraction of the omasum. Contractions are slower than the rumenoreticular contractions (see rumination). Food is squeezed between lamellae.

Vasculature

The blood supply to the omasum includes the cranial mesenteric artery, the left gastric and the left gastroepiploic arteries.

Innervation

The omasum is innervated by the dorsal vagus nerve (CN X) (most important) and the ventral vagus nerve.

Lymphatics

There are numerous small lymph nodes that are scattered in the omasal curvatures. The lymph drains to larger atrial nodes between the cardia and the omasum, then to the cistera chyli.

Histology

Omasum Histology (Sheep) - Copyright RVC 2008

The omasum has a keratinised stratified squamous epithelium. It is firm in texture and can vary in size. Lamellae thrown into leaves divide the lumen into narrow and uniform recesses. It contains no glands.

The papillae of the omasum are mostly small and lenticular, although some can be large and conical. The circular tunica muscularis extends into papillae of long laminae and the lamina muscualris extends into papillae encircling the tunica muscularis. The omasum has 3 smooth muscle layers in the papillae therefore they are very motile.

Species Differences

Small Ruminant

The small ruminants have a smaller omasum, which is bean shaped.

Bovine

The lower pole of the omasum contacts the abdominal floor below the costal arch.

Links

Click here for information on rumen

Click here for information on reticulum

Click here for information on abomasum



Omasum - Anatomy & Physiology Learning Resources
FlashcardsFlashcards logo.png
Flashcards
Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions
Omasum Flashcards
VideoWikiVideo.png
Videos
Selection of relevant videos
Bovine omasum potcast
Ovine omasum and abomasum potcast
Sections of the interior of the complex ruminant stomach potcast
Ruminant forestomach structure dissection
Category:Histology PowerPointsPowerPoint.png
PowerPoint
Selection of relevant PowerPoint tutorials
Histology of the ruminant gastrointestinal tract



Webinars

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