Difference between revisions of "Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards"

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<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
+
<FlashCard questions="37">
−
<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>
+
|q1=What type of gland is the pancreas?
−
<big><center>[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO PANCREAS''']]</center></big>
+
|a1=Tubuloalveolar
 +
|l1=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction
 +
|q2=From which embryological germ layer does the pancreas develop from?
 +
|a2=Endoderm, except the connective tissue which develops from splanchnic mesoderm
 +
|l2=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Development
 +
|q3=Does the pancreatic duct develop from the dorsal or ventral bud?
 +
|a3=Ventral
 +
|l3=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Development
 +
|q4=Where do the ducts of the pancreas open into?
 +
|a4=Duodenum; the pancreatic duct opens at the major duodenal papilla with the bile duct; the accessory duct opens at the minor duodenal papilla
 +
|l4=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Structure
 +
|q5=What are the functions of the exocrine part of the pancreas?
 +
|a5=Produces a secretion that is alkaline to neutralise stomach acid and contains enzymes for digestion
 +
|l5=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Exocrine Function
 +
|q6=Which ions are present within the secretion of the pancreas?
 +
|a6=Bicarbonate and chloride
 +
|l6=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Exocrine Function
 +
|q7=Why does stomach acid need to be neutralised?
 +
|a7=To provide the optimum pH for pancreatic enzymes, to prevent damage to the thin, absorptive mucosa of the duodenum and to buffer the large intestine
 +
|l7=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Exocrine Function
 +
|q8=Name the cell types present in the islets of Langerhans
 +
|a8=Alpha, beta, delta and F cells
 +
|l8=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology
 +
|q9=What is the antagonist hormone to insulin and what does it do?
 +
|a9=Glucagon, it raises blood glucose level
 +
|l9=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine Function
 +
|q10=What is the function of somatostatin?
 +
|a10=It inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion
 +
|l10=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine Function
 +
|q11=What effect does parasympathetic innervation have on glucagon secretion?
 +
|a11=Increases it
 +
|l11=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 +
|q12=What effect does glucagon have on body reserves?
 +
|a12=Catabolic
 +
|l12=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 +
|q13=Which shape is the horse's pancreas?
 +
|a13=Triangular
 +
|l13=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Equine
 +
|q14=What is the main target tissue of glucagon?
 +
|a14=Liver
 +
|l14=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 +
|q15=What other tissues does glucagon have an effect on?
 +
|a15=Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
 +
|l15=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 +
|q16=Which enzyme does glucagon inactivate in glycolysis?
 +
|a16=Pyruvate kinase
 +
|l16=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 +
|q17=How does glucagon inactivate this enyme?
 +
|a17=Phosphorylation via PKA
 +
|l17=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 +
|q18=What effect does glucagon have on adipose tissue?
 +
|a18=Increases β oxidation of fatty acids
 +
|l18=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 +
|q19=What effect does glucagon have on skeletal muscle?
 +
|a19=Increases the rate of protein catabolism
 +
|l19=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 +
|q20=How may ketosis occur during fasting?
 +
|a20=The citric acid cycle turns slowly as oxaloacetate is removed to make glucose. Acetyl CoA builds up and is converted to ketone bodies
 +
|l20=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon
 +
|q21=Describe the structure of insulin.
 +
|a21=A & B chains linked by disulphide bridges
 +
|l21=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin
 +
|q22=Describe the mechanism that causes insulin to be released.
 +
|a22=Glucose enters the β cell through GLUT 2 and is metabolised. ATP depolarises the plasma membrane which leads to calcium signalling causing release of insulin
 +
|l22=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin
 +
|q23=How does insulin enable glucose to be taken up by heptaocytes, adipocytes and skeletal muscle?
 +
|a23=It causes expression of GLUT 4
 +
|l23=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin
 +
|q24=What effect does insulin have on basal metabolic rate?
 +
|a24=Increases it in all cells
 +
|l24=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin
 +
|q25=What are the clinical signs of diabetes mellitus?
 +
|a25=Glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, ketosis and ketonuria
 +
|l25=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Diabetes Mellitus
 +
|q26=What are the two causes of diabetes mellitus in dogs?
 +
|a26=β cell deficiency (mainly) and insulin antagonism
 +
|l26=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Diabetes Mellitus
 +
|q27=How many ducts of the pancreas does the cat have?
 +
|a27=One, the pancreatic duct
 +
|l27=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Carnivore
 +
|q28=In which animal group in particular is there a constant secretion of pancreatic juice?
 +
|a28=Ruminants
 +
|l28=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminants
 +
|q29=What are the two types of diabetes in cats?
 +
|a29=IDDM and NIDDM
 +
|l29=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Diabetes Mellitus
 +
|q30=What are the two arteries that supply blood to the pancreas?
 +
|a30=Coeliac (left lobe) and cranial mesenteric (right lobe)
 +
|l30=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin
 +
|q31=Which hormones increase pancreatic secretion?
 +
|a31=CCK, secretin and gastrin
 +
|l31=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation
 +
|q32=Which lymph nodes does lymph from the pancreas drain into?
 +
|a32=Pancreatoduodenal
 +
|l32=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Lymphatics
 +
|q33=Describe the components of the exocrine pancreas.
 +
|a33=Acini, which consist of 40-50 pyramidal epithelial cells which drain into a lumen
 +
|l33=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology
 +
|q34=What is present in the apex of the epithelial cells?
 +
|a34=Secretory granules containing the zymogen precursors of the pancreatic enzymes
 +
|l34=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology
 +
|q35=Which cell type in the islet of Langerhan's produce somatostatin?
 +
|a35=δ cells
 +
|l35=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology
 +
|q36=Where does the right lobe of the pancreas exits?
 +
|a36=Mesoduodenum
 +
|l36=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Carnivore
 +
|q37=In the dog, which of the two ducts of the pancreas is bigger?
 +
|a37=Accessory
 +
|l37=Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Carnivore
 +
</FlashCard>
  
  
−
 
+
[[Category:Alimentary System Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]]
−
 
+
[[Category:Endocrine System Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]]
−
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
+
[[Category:Pancreas Flashcards]]
−
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 
−
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 
−
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What type of gland is the pancreas?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Tubuloalveolar'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''From which embryological germ layer does the pancreas develop from?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Endoderm, except the connective tissue which develops from splanchnic mesoderm'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Development|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Does the pancreatic duct develop from the dorsal or ventral bud?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Ventral'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Development|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Where do the ducts of the pancreas open into?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Duodenum; the pancreatic duct opens at the major duodenal papilla with the bile duct; the accessory duct opens at the minor duodenal papilla'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are the functions of the exocrine part of the pancreas?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Produces a secretion that is alkaline to neutralise stomach acid and contains enzymes for digestion'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Exocrine Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Which ions are present within the secretion of the pancreas?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Bicarbonate and chloride'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Exocrine Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Why does stomach acid need to be neutralised?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''To provide the optimum pH for pancreatic enzymes, to prevent damage to the thin, absorptive mucosa of the duodenum and to buffer the large intestine'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Exocrine Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Name the cell types present in the islets of Langerhans'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Alpha, beta, delta and F cells'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What is the antagonist hormone to insulin and what does it do?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Glucagon, it raises blood glucose level'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What is the function of somatostatin?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''It inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What effect does parasympathetic innervation have on glucagon secretion?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Increases it'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What effect does glucagon have on body reserves?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Catabolic'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What is the main target tissue of glucagon?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Liver'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What other tissues does glucagon have an effect on?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Which enzyme does glucagon inactivate in glycolysis?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Pyruvate kinase'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''How does glucagon inactivate this enyme?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Phosphorylation via PKA'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What effect does glucagon have on adipose tissue?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Increases β oxidation of fatty acids'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What effect does glucagon have on skeletal muscle?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Increases the rate of protein catabolism'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''How may ketosis occur during fasting?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''The citric acid cycle turns slowly as oxaloacetate is removed to make glucose. Acetyl CoA builds up and is converted to ketone bodies'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucagon|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Describe the structure of insulin.'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''A & B chains linked by disulphide bridges'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Describe the mechanism that causes insulin to be released.'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Glucose enters the β cell through GLUT 2 and is metabolised. ATP depolarises the plasma membrane which leads to calcium signalling causing release of insulin'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''How does insulin enable glucose to be taken up by heptaocytes, adipocytes and skeletal muscle?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''It causes expression of GLUT 4'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What effect does insulin have on basal metabolic rate?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Increases it in all cells'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are the clinical signs of diabetes mellitus?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, ketosis and ketonuria'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Diabetes Mellitus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are the two causes of diabetes mellitus in dogs?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''β cell deficiency (mainly) and insulin antagonism'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Diabetes Mellitus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are the two types of diabetes in cats?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''IDDM and NIDDM'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Diabetes Mellitus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are the two arteries that supply blood to the pancreas?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Coeliac (left lobe) and cranial mesenteric (right lobe)'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Which hormones increase pancreatic secretion?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''CCK, secretin and gastrin'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Which lymph nodes does lymph from the pancreas drain into?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Pancreatoduodenal'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Lymphatics|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Describe the components of the exocrine pancreas.'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Acini, which consist of 40-50 pyramidal epithelial cells which drain into a lumen'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What is present in the apex of the epithelial cells?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Secretory granules containing the zymogen precursors of the pancreatic enzymes'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Which cell type in the islet of Langerhan's produce somatostatin?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''δ cells'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Where does the right lobe of the pancreas exits?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Mesoduodenum'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Carnivore|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''In the dog, which of the two ducts of the pancreas is bigger?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Accessory'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Carnivore|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''How many ducts of the pancreas does the cat have?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''One, the pancreatic duct'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Carnivore|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''In which animal group in particular is there a constant secretion of pancreatic juice?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Ruminants'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminants|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Which shape is the horse's pancreas?'''
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Triangular'''''
 
−
||[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Equine|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
<big><center>[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO PANCREAS''']]</center></big>
 
−
<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
 
−
<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>
 

Latest revision as of 18:26, 30 June 2011

Question Answer Article
What type of gland is the pancreas? Link to Article
From which embryological germ layer does the pancreas develop from? Link to Article
Does the pancreatic duct develop from the dorsal or ventral bud? Link to Article
Where do the ducts of the pancreas open into? Link to Article
What are the functions of the exocrine part of the pancreas? Link to Article
Which ions are present within the secretion of the pancreas? Link to Article
Why does stomach acid need to be neutralised? Link to Article
Name the cell types present in the islets of Langerhans Link to Article
What is the antagonist hormone to insulin and what does it do? Link to Article
What is the function of somatostatin? Link to Article
What effect does parasympathetic innervation have on glucagon secretion? Link to Article
What effect does glucagon have on body reserves? Link to Article
Which shape is the horse's pancreas? Link to Article
What is the main target tissue of glucagon? Link to Article
What other tissues does glucagon have an effect on? Link to Article
Which enzyme does glucagon inactivate in glycolysis? Link to Article
How does glucagon inactivate this enyme? Link to Article
What effect does glucagon have on adipose tissue? Link to Article
What effect does glucagon have on skeletal muscle? Link to Article
How may ketosis occur during fasting? Link to Article
Describe the structure of insulin. Link to Article
Describe the mechanism that causes insulin to be released. Link to Article
How does insulin enable glucose to be taken up by heptaocytes, adipocytes and skeletal muscle? Link to Article
What effect does insulin have on basal metabolic rate? Link to Article
What are the clinical signs of diabetes mellitus? Link to Article
What are the two causes of diabetes mellitus in dogs? Link to Article
How many ducts of the pancreas does the cat have? Link to Article
In which animal group in particular is there a constant secretion of pancreatic juice? Link to Article
What are the two types of diabetes in cats? Link to Article
What are the two arteries that supply blood to the pancreas? Link to Article
Which hormones increase pancreatic secretion? Link to Article
Which lymph nodes does lymph from the pancreas drain into? Link to Article
Describe the components of the exocrine pancreas. Link to Article
What is present in the apex of the epithelial cells? Link to Article
Which cell type in the islet of Langerhan's produce somatostatin? Link to Article
Where does the right lobe of the pancreas exits? Link to Article
In the dog, which of the two ducts of the pancreas is bigger? Link to Article


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