Difference between revisions of "Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology"

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==Introduction==
  
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The paranasal sinuses are ventilated spaces connected to the [[Nasal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]]. They develop as blind ending pouches between the lamina of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Bones of the Skull|bones of the skull]].
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|linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology
 
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|maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
 
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==Structure==
  
==Introduction==
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The paranasal sinuses are a series of cavities arranged one after another. All species have '''frontal''' and '''maxillary''' systems.  
 
 
The Paranasal Sinuses are ventilated spaces connected to the [[Nasal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]].
 
They develop as blind ending pouches between the lamina of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Bones of the Skull|bones of the skull]].
 
  
==Structure==
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'''Frontal''': Consists of space(s) within the bones between the cranial cavity and the [[Nasal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]].
  
*The paranasal sinuses are a series of cavities arranged one after another.
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'''Maxillary''': This is the largest sinus, and consists of the space within the caudolateral part of the upper jaw, above the caudal cheek [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]]. This increases with age due to wearing and ventral relocation of the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]].
*All species have ''Frontal'' and ''Maxillary'' systems
 
**''Frontal'': consists of space(s) within the bones between the cranial cavity and the [[Nasal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]].
 
**''Maxillary'': this is the largest sinus, and consists of the space within the caudolateral part of the upper jaw, above the caudal cheek [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]]. This increases with age due to wearing and ventral relocation of the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]].
 
  
 
==Function==
 
==Function==
The function of paranasal sinuses is somewhat ambiguous, however they are likely to have the following evolutionary purposes:
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The function of paranasal sinuses is somewhat ambiguous, however they are likely to have the following evolutionary purposes:  
*Resonating Cavities
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:Resonating cavities
*Limiting the weight of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Bones of the Skull|skull]].
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:Limiting the weight of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Bones of the Skull|skull]]
*Insulation/Cooling of the [[Nervous and Special Senses - Anatomy & Physiology#Central Nervous System (CNS)|brain]].
+
:Insulation/cooling of the [[Nervous and Special Senses - Anatomy & Physiology#Central Nervous System (CNS)|brain]]  
*Increased insertion space for [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]].
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:Increased insertion space for [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]]
  
 
==Species Differences==
 
==Species Differences==
  
*In the '''Dog''' the sinus system is generally poorly developed. The Maxillary sinus is a cavity which freely communicates with the nasal cavity, and is known as the '''Maxillary Recess'''. The Frontal sinus has 3 chambers which drain separately into the [[Nasal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]].
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In the '''dog''' the sinus system is generally poorly developed. The maxillary sinus is a cavity which freely communicates with the nasal cavity, and is known as the '''maxillary recess'''. The frontal sinus has 3 chambers which drain separately into the nasal cavity.
*In the '''Horse''' the Maxillary sinus has caudal and rostral parts which together occupy a large part of the upper jaw. In addition, the horse has ''Sphenopalatine'' and ''Ethmoidal'' sinuses which are of less clinical importance than the ''Frontal, Caudal Maxillary'' and ''Rostral Maxillary Sinuses'' on each side of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Bones of the Skull|skull]].
+
 
*'''Cattle''' do not have a fully developed sinus system until the age of 7, by which time it is an extremely complex system.  
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In the '''horse''' the maxillary sinus has caudal and rostral parts which together occupy a large part of the upper jaw. In addition, the horse has '''sphenopalatine''' and '''ethmoidal''' sinuses which are of a lesser clinical importance than the '''frontal, caudal maxillary''' and '''rostral maxillary sinuses''' on each side of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Bones of the Skull|skull]].
In addition to the Frontal sinus, there is a ''Palatomaxillary sinus'' (named because the Maxillary Sinus is continuous with the Palatine Sinus) within the caudal part of the [[Hard Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|hard palate]] and face, a ''Lacrimal sinus'' within the medial orbit, ''Sphenoidal sinuses'' which lie past the orbit and within the conchae themselves are the ''Conchal sinuses''. The Frontal sinus in cattle has a 'diverticle' for the Cornual Process (horn).
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*The '''Pig''' has ''Lacrimal, Sphenoid'' and ''Conchal'' sinuses in addition to the Maxillary and Frontal systems.
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'''Cattle''' do not have a fully developed sinus system until the age of 7, by which time it is an extremely complex system.
*There are many variations to the entire [[Avian Respiration - Anatomy & Physiology|'''Avian''' respiratory tract]].
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In addition to the frontal sinus, there is a '''palatomaxillary sinus''' (named because the maxillary sinus is continuous with the palatine sinus) within the caudal part of the [[Hard Palate|hard palate]] and face, a '''lacrimal sinus''' within the medial orbit, '''sphenoidal sinuses''' which lie past the orbit and within the conchae themselves are the '''conchal sinuses'''. The frontal sinus in cattle has a 'diverticle' for the cornual process (horn).
*The [[Respiration in Non-Homeotherms - Anatomy & Physiology|Respiratory Systems of non-Homeotherms]] are also very different to that of mammals.
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The '''pig''' has '''lacrimal, sphenoid''' and '''conchal''' sinuses in addition to the maxillary and frontal systems.
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There are many variations to the entire [[Avian Respiration - Anatomy & Physiology|'''avian''' respiratory tract]].
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The [[Respiration in Non-Homeotherms - Anatomy & Physiology|respiratory systems of non-homeotherms]] are also very different to that of mammals.
  
 
==Links==
 
==Links==
  
*[[Paranasal sinuses - Pathology]]
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Click here for more information on [[:Category:Paranasal Sinuses - Pathology|paranasal sinuses pathology]].
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
  
*{{citation|initiallast = Dyce|initialfirst = K.M|2last = Sack|2first = W.O|finallast = Wensing|finalfirst = C.J.G|year = 2002|title = Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy|ed =3rd|city = Philadelphia|pub = Saunders}}
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{{citation|initiallast = Dyce|initialfirst = K.M|2last = Sack|2first = W.O|finallast = Wensing|finalfirst = C.J.G|year = 2002|title = Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy|ed =3rd|city = Philadelphia|pub = Saunders}}
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|dragster = [[Canine Head Radiographical Anatomy Resources (IV & V)|Canine Skull Anatomy - Frontal Sinuses (IV)]]
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{{review}}
  
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==Webinars==
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<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/respiratory/webinars/feed</rss>
  
[[Category:Respiratory System]]
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[[Category:Respiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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Latest revision as of 16:25, 3 January 2023


Introduction

The paranasal sinuses are ventilated spaces connected to the nasal cavity. They develop as blind ending pouches between the lamina of the bones of the skull.

Structure

The paranasal sinuses are a series of cavities arranged one after another. All species have frontal and maxillary systems.

Frontal: Consists of space(s) within the bones between the cranial cavity and the nasal cavity.

Maxillary: This is the largest sinus, and consists of the space within the caudolateral part of the upper jaw, above the caudal cheek teeth. This increases with age due to wearing and ventral relocation of the teeth.

Function

The function of paranasal sinuses is somewhat ambiguous, however they are likely to have the following evolutionary purposes:

Resonating cavities
Limiting the weight of the skull
Insulation/cooling of the brain
Increased insertion space for teeth

Species Differences

In the dog the sinus system is generally poorly developed. The maxillary sinus is a cavity which freely communicates with the nasal cavity, and is known as the maxillary recess. The frontal sinus has 3 chambers which drain separately into the nasal cavity.

In the horse the maxillary sinus has caudal and rostral parts which together occupy a large part of the upper jaw. In addition, the horse has sphenopalatine and ethmoidal sinuses which are of a lesser clinical importance than the frontal, caudal maxillary and rostral maxillary sinuses on each side of the skull.

Cattle do not have a fully developed sinus system until the age of 7, by which time it is an extremely complex system. In addition to the frontal sinus, there is a palatomaxillary sinus (named because the maxillary sinus is continuous with the palatine sinus) within the caudal part of the hard palate and face, a lacrimal sinus within the medial orbit, sphenoidal sinuses which lie past the orbit and within the conchae themselves are the conchal sinuses. The frontal sinus in cattle has a 'diverticle' for the cornual process (horn).

The pig has lacrimal, sphenoid and conchal sinuses in addition to the maxillary and frontal systems.

There are many variations to the entire avian respiratory tract.

The respiratory systems of non-homeotherms are also very different to that of mammals.

Links

Click here for more information on paranasal sinuses pathology.

References

Dyce, K.M., Sack, W.O. and Wensing, C.J.G. (2002) Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders.

Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology Learning Resources
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