Changes

==Description==

==Description==

A progressive disease of the cat caused by feline [[Coronaviridae|coronavirus]]. Occurs in 5-10% of cats infected with Feline Enteric Coronavirus (FECoV). The disease is characterised by a variety of clinical signs, including weight loss, fever and vasculitis. Two forms of the disease exist the wet form and the dry form.FIP arises from a mutation of Feline Enteric Coronavirus (FECoV) in 5-10% of chronically infected cats and not directly from cat to cat  

A progressive disease of the cat caused by feline [[Coronaviridae|coronavirus]]. The disease is characterised by a variety of clinical signs, including weight loss, fever and vasculitis. FIP arises from a mutation of Feline Enteric Coronavirus (FECoV) in 5-10% of chronically infected cats and not directly from cat to cat.Two forms of the disease exist the wet form and the dry form.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

==Pathogenesis==

==Pathogenesis==

*Weeks, months or years may intervene between localized primary FECoV infection and FIP development

Weeks, months or years may intervene between localized primary FECoV infection and FIP development. FECoV replicates in the gut, but FIP spreads systemically in the circulation. FIP then gains the ability to replicate in [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and macrophages

*FECoV replicates in the gut, but FIP spreads systemically in the circulation

Almost invariably '''fatal'''

*FIP gains ability to replicate in [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and macrophages

*Almost invariably '''fatal'''

*Failure of the immune system to clear antibody-antigen complexes leads to '''immune-mediated disease'''

*Failure of the immune system to clear antibody-antigen complexes leads to '''immune-mediated disease'''

**Deposited complexes cause '''inflammation''' and '''exudation'''

**Deposited complexes cause '''inflammation''' and '''exudation'''

FECoV may cause mild respiratory symptoms and diarrhoea but is often asymptomatic

FECoV may cause mild respiratory symptoms and diarrhoea but is often asymptomatic

Signs of FIP include, chronic weight loss, anorexia, pyrexia, depression

Signs of FIP include, chronic weight loss, anorexia, pyrexia and depression.

Fluid in the abdomen, thorax or pericardium are symptomatic of '''wet, or exudative FIP'''

Fluid in the abdomen, thorax or pericardium are symptomatic of '''wet, or exudative FIP'''.

Granulomatous change in the organs are symptomatic of '''dry, or nonexudative FIP'''

Granulomatous change in the organs are symptomatic of '''dry, or nonexudative FIP'''.

FIP has been documented to cause:

FIP has been documented to cause:

Uveitis, hydrocephalus, neurological symptoms, such as ataxia or seizures and chronic diarrhoea.

Uveitis, hydrocephalus, neurological symptoms, such as ataxia or seizures and chronic diarrhoea.

*

*

 

==Pathology==

 

 

===Pathology===

====Gross====

====Gross====

==='''Dry form'''===

==='''Dry form'''===

** Larger, grey granulomatous masses causing thickening of the  wall of [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small]] and [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]].

Larger, grey granulomatous masses causing thickening of the  wall of the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small]] and [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]].

====Histological====

====Histological====

* Multifocal pyogranulomas on serosa and throughout gut wall.

Multifocal pyogranulomas on serosa and throughout gut wall. Infiltration by mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and a few[[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]. Necrosis and vasculitis will also be seen.

** Infiltration by mononuclear cells.

*** Lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages.

** Fewer [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].

* Necrosis.

 

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

==Control==

==Control==

*Conventional vaccination is counterproductive as antibody worsens infection

Conventional vaccination is counterproductive as antibody worsens infection however a non-systemic vaccine (Primucell) is available outside the UK

*A non-systemic vaccine (Primucell) is available outside the UK

**Temperature-sensitive mutant

**Temperature-sensitive mutant

**Replication confined to nasal mucosa, providing local immunity and cell-mediated immunity

**Replication confined to nasal mucosa, providing local immunity and cell-mediated immunity