Difference between revisions of "Avian Liver - Anatomy & Physiology"

Revision as of 18:27, 10 December 2010

Structure

The liver has 2 lobes. It is dark brown coloured (except just after hatching where it is yellow). The right lobe larger than left lobe. It is positioned ventral and caudal to the heart (as there is no diaphragm). It is closely associated to the proventriculus and spleen. It has a thin capsule and indistinct lobation. 2 bile ducts enter the distal duodenum, one from each lobe of the liver. The duct from the right lobe is connected to the gallbladder. Hepatic lobules are indistinct (except near hilus) due to a lack of perilobular connective tissue. Avian bile aids the emulsification of fats and contains amylase and lipase.

Anatomy of the Liver(Avian)- Copyright RVC 2008

Liver and Spleen (Avian)- Copyright Nottingham 2008

Function

See liver function.

Vasculature

See liver vasculature.

Innervation

See liver innervation.

Lymphatics

See liver lymphatics.

Gallbladder- Species Differences

Pigeons and parrots lack a gall bladder.

Histology

Polyhedral and angular cells

Larger cells than in mammals

Large, spherical nucleus

Base of cell forms a wall of the sinusoid

Cell apices communicate with the bile canaliculi

Granular cytoplasm

Liver cords form columns around the interlobular bile capillary. The cell arrangement is simpler than in mammals.

Sinusoids anastamose freely

Kupfer cells present

Reticular fibres support the liver cords

Elastic fibres in the capsule and vessels

Links

Test yourself with the Avian Alimentary Tract Flashcards

Click here for more information on Liver - Anatomy & Physiology

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{OpenPagesTop}}
 ==Structure==
-The liver has two lobes. It is dark brown coloured (except just after hatching where it is yellow). The right lobe is larger than the left lobe. It is positioned ventral and caudal to the [[Heart - Anatomy & Physiology|heart]] (as there is no diaphragm). It is closely associated to the '''[[Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]]''' and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]]. It has a thin capsule and indistinct lobation. Two bile ducts enter the distal '''[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]''', one from each lobe of the liver. The duct from the right lobe is connected to the '''[[Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|gall bladder]]'''. Hepatic lobules are indistinct (except near hilus) due to a lack of '''perilobular connective tissue'''. Avian bile aids the emulsification of fats and contains amylase and lipase.
+The liver has 2 lobes. It is dark brown coloured (except just after hatching where it is yellow). The right lobe larger than left lobe. It is positioned ventral and caudal to the [[Heart - Anatomy & Physiology|heart]] (as there is no diaphragm). It is closely associated to the '''[[Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]]''' and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]]. It has a thin capsule and indistinct lobation. 2 bile ducts enter the distal '''[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]''', one from each lobe of the liver. The duct from the right lobe is connected to the '''[[Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|gallbladder]]'''. Hepatic lobules are indistinct (except near hilus) due to a lack of '''perilobular connective tissue'''. Avian bile aids the emulsification of fats and contains amylase and lipase.
 [[Image:Anatomy of the Avian Liver.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Anatomy of the Liver(Avian)- Copyright RVC 2008]]
@@ Line 29: / Line 28: @@
 ==Histology==
-The avian liver has '''polyhedral''' and angular cells that are larger than mammal cells. The cells have a large, spherical nucleus and the base of the cell forms the wall of the sinusoid. The cell apices communicate with the '''bile canaliculi'''. They have a granular cytoplasm.
+*Polyhedral and angular cells
-'''Liver cords''' form columns around the '''interlobular bile capillary'''. The cell arrangement is simpler than in mammals. The sinusoids anastamose freely. There are '''Kupfer cells''' present. Fibres include, '''reticular fibres''' to support the liver cords and '''elastic fibres''' in the capsule and vessels.
+*Larger cells than in mammals
+*Large, spherical nucleus
+*Base of cell forms a wall of the sinusoid
+*Cell apices communicate with the bile canaliculi
+*Granular cytoplasm
+*Liver cords form columns around the interlobular bile capillary. The cell arrangement is simpler than in mammals.
+*Sinusoids anastamose freely
+*Kupfer cells present
+*Reticular fibres support the liver cords
+*Elastic fibres in the capsule and vessels
 ==Links==
+'''Test yourself with the [[The Avian Alimentary Tract - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|Avian Alimentary Tract Flashcards]]'''
 '''Click here for more information on [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology]]'''
-{{Template:Learning
-|flashcards = [[The Avian Alimentary Tract - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|Avian Alimentary Tract]]
-|OVAM = [http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-liver Avian Interactive Anatomy - Liver]
-}}
-==Webinars==
-<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/gastroenterology-and-nutrition/webinars/feed</rss>
 [[Category:Avian Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
-[[Category:A&P Done]]
+[[Category:To Do - AimeeHicks]][[Category:To Do - AP Review]]