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===Muscles that shorten===
 
===Muscles that shorten===
   −
*The '''pterygopharyngeal muscle''' and '''palatopharyngeal muscle''' shorten the pharynx
+
The '''pterygopharyngeal muscle''' and '''palatopharyngeal muscle''' shorten the pharynx. They enclose the pharynx laterally and dorsally.
 
  −
*Enclose pharynx laterally and dorsally
      
===Muscles that close the Pharyngeal Arch===
 
===Muscles that close the Pharyngeal Arch===
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